lab 8

Question 1

what are 2 main subdivisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

central nervous sys(brain and spinal chord) and peripheral nervous sys(cranial and spinal nerves)

Question 2

what are the 3 main protective structures of the central nervous system?

Answer 2

skull (protects brain) and vertebral column (protects spine), meninges, and CSF

Question 3

what are the 4 sections of the skull?

Answer 3

frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
all cover lobes with the same names

Question 4

how many vertebrae do you have? what are the sub divs going downward?

Answer 4

33
cervical, thorasic, lumbar, and sacrum

Question 5

what are the layers of meninges starting deepest?

Answer 5

pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.

Question 6

what are the layers of dura mater starting at superficial?

Answer 6

periosteal dura mater and meningeal dura mater

Question 7

what is CFS? what is the order it circulates?

Answer 7

shock absorber thats produced by ventricles in the brain.
lateral ventricles
third ventricle
connected by cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
then out the central canal

Question 8

what is the central sulcus? lateral sulcus?

Answer 8

separates frontal and parietal lobes and post and precentral gyrus of frontal lobes
separates frontal and temporal lobes

Question 9

what is the precentral gyrus?

Answer 9

primary motor area responsible for voluntary movement of skeletal musc

Question 10

what is the postcentral gyrus?

Answer 10

primary sensory area that gets info from sensory receptors for pressure pain and temp

Question 11

what is the thalamus?

Answer 11

grey matter, sends sensory impulses where they need to go

Question 12

what is the hypothalamus?

Answer 12

maintains homeostasis of systems in the body like body temp and water balance.

Question 13

what is the pituitary gland?

Answer 13

store and regulate hormones

Question 14

what is the cerebellum?

Answer 14

controls involuntary coordination of skeletal muscle activity and the control of balance and equilibrium., white matter is inside branches, grey matter outside.

Question 15

what is the medulla oblongata

Answer 15

controls functions necessary to live like resp sys and heart rate.

Question 16

whats apart of the hindbrain?

Answer 16

medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 17

what is a reflex?

Answer 17

a rapid unconscious reaction to a stimulus

Question 18

what are the 5 components of a basic reflex arc?

Answer 18

1- receptor, responds to stimulus.
2- sensory or afferent neuron, enters dorsal root ganglion.
3- integration centre in grey matter, transfers info from sensory to motor neuron.
4- motor or efferent neuron in grey matter carries impulse into the ventral root to effector organ.
5- effector organ is musc or gland and reacts.

Question 19

what are the functions of the spinal chord?

Answer 19

conducts in sensory and motor impulses to and from brain.
processes reflexes.

Question 20

olfactory nerve

Answer 20

I, sensory, carries impulses associated w smell, superficial origin- nasal mucosa- olfactory bulb

Question 21

optic nerve

Answer 21

II, sensory, arries impulses associated w vision, superfical origin- retina- optic chiasma

Question 22

oculomotor

Answer 22

lll, motor, controls movement of the 6 eye muscles (superior, inferior, and medial rectus, inferior oblique, cilliary musc, and circular smooth musc of iris) superficial origin- midbrain

Question 23

trochlear nerve

Answer 23

IV, motor, controls oblique eye musc, superficial origin- midbrain

Question 24

trigeminal nerve

Answer 24

V, sensory, pain touch and temp 3 branches:
ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular.
superficial origin- pons

Question 25

abducens nerve

Answer 25

Vl, motor, controls lateral rectus in eye
superficial origin- pons

Question 26

facial nerve

Answer 26

Vll, motor, responsible for facial expressions
super- pons

Question 27

vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 27

Vlll, sensory, 2 branches:
cochlear- conducts impulses associated w hearing
vestibular- maintain equilibrium and coordinate musc
superficial origin- between pons and medulla oblongata

Question 28

glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 28

lX, motor, controls musc in pharynx and base of tongue
super- medulla

Question 29

vagus nerve

Answer 29

X, motor, controls larynx, smooth musc in dig tracts and slows heart rate
super- medulla

Question 30

spinal accessory

Answer 30

Xl, motor, controls swallowing and movement of head and shoulders

Question 31

hypoglossal nerve

Answer 31

Xll, motor, controls musc of tongue for speech and swallowing.
super-medulla