lab 8 Flashcards
what are 2 main subdivisions of the nervous system?
central nervous sys(brain and spinal chord) and peripheral nervous sys(cranial and spinal nerves)
what are the 3 main protective structures of the central nervous system?
skull (protects brain) and vertebral column (protects spine), meninges, and CSF
what are the 4 sections of the skull?
frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
all cover lobes with the same names
how many vertebrae do you have? what are the sub divs going downward?
33
cervical, thorasic, lumbar, and sacrum
what are the layers of meninges starting deepest?
pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater.
what are the layers of dura mater starting at superficial?
periosteal dura mater and meningeal dura mater
what is CFS? what is the order it circulates?
shock absorber thats produced by ventricles in the brain.
lateral ventricles
third ventricle
connected by cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
then out the central canal
what is the central sulcus? lateral sulcus?
separates frontal and parietal lobes and post and precentral gyrus of frontal lobes
separates frontal and temporal lobes
what is the precentral gyrus?
primary motor area responsible for voluntary movement of skeletal musc
what is the postcentral gyrus?
primary sensory area that gets info from sensory receptors for pressure pain and temp
what is the thalamus?
grey matter, sends sensory impulses where they need to go
what is the hypothalamus?
maintains homeostasis of systems in the body like body temp and water balance.
what is the pituitary gland?
store and regulate hormones
what is the cerebellum?
controls involuntary coordination of skeletal muscle activity and the control of balance and equilibrium., white matter is inside branches, grey matter outside.
what is the medulla oblongata
controls functions necessary to live like resp sys and heart rate.
whats apart of the hindbrain?
medulla, pons, cerebellum
what is a reflex?
a rapid unconscious reaction to a stimulus
what are the 5 components of a basic reflex arc?
1- receptor, responds to stimulus.
2- sensory or afferent neuron, enters dorsal root ganglion.
3- integration centre in grey matter, transfers info from sensory to motor neuron.
4- motor or efferent neuron in grey matter carries impulse into the ventral root to effector organ.
5- effector organ is musc or gland and reacts.
what are the functions of the spinal chord?
conducts in sensory and motor impulses to and from brain.
processes reflexes.
olfactory nerve
I, sensory, carries impulses associated w smell, superficial origin- nasal mucosa- olfactory bulb
optic nerve
II, sensory, arries impulses associated w vision, superfical origin- retina- optic chiasma
oculomotor
lll, motor, controls movement of the 6 eye muscles (superior, inferior, and medial rectus, inferior oblique, cilliary musc, and circular smooth musc of iris) superficial origin- midbrain
trochlear nerve
IV, motor, controls oblique eye musc, superficial origin- midbrain
trigeminal nerve
V, sensory, pain touch and temp 3 branches:
ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular.
superficial origin- pons
abducens nerve
Vl, motor, controls lateral rectus in eye
superficial origin- pons
facial nerve
Vll, motor, responsible for facial expressions
super- pons
vestibulocochlear nerve
Vlll, sensory, 2 branches:
cochlear- conducts impulses associated w hearing
vestibular- maintain equilibrium and coordinate musc
superficial origin- between pons and medulla oblongata
glossopharyngeal nerve
lX, motor, controls musc in pharynx and base of tongue
super- medulla
vagus nerve
X, motor, controls larynx, smooth musc in dig tracts and slows heart rate
super- medulla
spinal accessory
Xl, motor, controls swallowing and movement of head and shoulders
hypoglossal nerve
Xll, motor, controls musc of tongue for speech and swallowing.
super-medulla
