lab 10 Flashcards
what are the functional classifications for joints?
synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slight movement), diarthroses (freely moveable)
what are the structural classifications for joints?
fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints
what are fibrous joints?
sutures or syndesmoses, both are synarthroses
what are cartilaginous joints?
synchondroses (synarthroses) or symphyses (amphiarthroses),
what are the 6 synovial joints?
-plane or gliding joints (dia).
-hinge joints (dia)
-pivot joint (dia)
-condyloid or ellipsoid joints (diarthroses)
-saddle joints (diarthroses)
-ball and socket joints (diarthroses)
what are the parts of a synovial joint?
-joint cavity- seperates bones.
-articular cart- covers bones.
-articular capsule- encloses joint cav.
-synovial mem- secretes synovial fluid.
-synovial fluid- fills cavity, lubricates joint, and nurishes articular cart.
liagments- supports joints
what are the movements at synovial joints?
abduction
adduction
flexion
extentsion
hyperextension
rotation
circumduction
proation
supination
eversion
inversion
abduction and adduction
ab- body part moves away from medial line.
ad-body part moves towards mid line
flexion and extension
fl- decreases distances between bones, brings closer
ex- increases distance between bones, farther apart
hyperextension
extention beyond anatomical position
rotation
changing direction of body part, looking the other way, turing your head
circumduction
circle motion at distal end of limb
pronation and supination
pro-movement of hand from palm up to palm down
sup- movement of hand from palm down to palm up
what are the ligaments of the shoulder?
arcomioclavicular, coracoclavicular, coracoacrominal, coracohumeral, and glenohumeral
what are the ligaments of the knee?
posterior and anterior cruciate, patellar, tibial collateral, and fibular collateral
what are the ligaments of the hip joints?
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral
what is the origin? insertion?
or- attachment site of a muscle
in- attachment site that moves
what is agonist and antagonist?
ag- muscle that is responsible for causing the movement
an-muscle that stretches due to agonist
what is fixator and synergist?
fix- stabilize the origin of the agonist and movement
syn- contract at the same time and agonist
masseter
o-zygomatic arch
i-lateral mandible
a-closes jaw by elevating mandible
sternoclidomastoid
o-sternum and medial clavicle
i-mastoid process of temporal bone
a-flex neck, rotate head
pectoralis major
o- clavicle, sternum, and cart of upper ribs
i- humerus
a-flexes and rotates arm at shoulder joint
deltoid
o- acromion process and spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle
i- deltoid tuberosity of humerus
a- contracts and rotates arm
latissimus dorsi
o- spinous processes, vertebrae and lower ribs
i- humerus
a- extends and moves arm at shoulder joint
triceps brachii
o- scapula and humerus
i- olecranon process of ulna
a- extends forearm
biceps brachii
o- scapula
i- radial tuberosity
a- flexes forearm, supinates forearm
brachioradialis
o-lateral humerus
i-radius styloid process
a-flex forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris
o-medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process of ulna
i-metacarpal V
a- flex hand, adducts hand at wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris
o- lat epicondyle of humerus
i- metacarpal V
a- extend hand adducts hand at wrist
rectus abdoninus
o- pubic
i- sternum and cartilage of ribs
a-flex and rotate lumbar region, compress abdominal contents
gluteus maximus
o-postierior ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
i- post of femur
a-extends thigh at hip and laterally rotates thigh
adductor longus
o- pubis
i- post femur
a- adducts and flexes thigh at hip, medially rotates thigh
rectus femoris
o-ilium and acetabulum
i-patella and tibial tuberosity
a- extent lower leg and flex thigh
vastus lateralis
o-trochanter and post femur
i- patella and tibial tuberosity
a- extend lower leg and stabilize knee
vastus medialis
o- medial femur
i- patella and tibial tuberosity
a- extend lower leg
vastus intermedius
o- anterior and lateral femur
i- patella and tibial tuberosity
a-extend lower leg
biceps femoris
o- ischial tuberosity
i- head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
a- extends thigh and lat rotates leg, flexes lower leg
semitendinosus
o- ischial tuberosity
i- medial tibia
a- extend thigh and flex lower leg, medially rotates leg
semimembranosus
o- ischial tuberosity
i- medial condyle of tibia
a- extend thigh and flex lower leg and medially rotates leg
tibialis anterior
o- lat condyle and lat surface of tibia
i- tarsal bone and metatarsal
a- dorsiflexes and inverts foot
gastronemius
o- lat and medial condyles of femur
i- posterior surface of calcaneus
a- plantar flexes foot and lower leg
extensor digitorum longus
o- lat condyle of tibia and anterior surface of fibula
i- middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
a- dorsiflexes and eversion of foot and extends toes
inversion
rotating towards medial line
eversion
rotating away from medial line
dorsi flexion
the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot
plantar flexion
the movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body
