lab 2 Flashcards
what is an organic compound?
contains carbon, large, and covalently bonded. ex: carbs, lipids, protiens, and nucleic acids
what is an inorganic compound?
do not contain carbon, simple, ex: water, salts, acids, and bases
what is pH scale?
measurement of the concentration of H in a solution
what is acidic?
more H, 0-6
what is neutral?
equal # of hydrogen (H) and hydroxide (OH)
what is basic?
less H, 8-14
what colour is neutral red in a basic solution?
yellow/orange
what colour is neutral red in an acidic solution?
pink/red/purple
what colour is neutral red in a neutral solution?
light red
what is the role of buffers?
buffers neutralize or convert strong acids or bases into weak ones
what is iodine searching for? how does it react?
iodine searches for polysaccharides, turns starch from cloudy clear yellowish colour, to a dark blue
what is benedicts reagent searching for? how does it react?
benedicts is searching for monos (simple sugars) and turns glucose from a blue colour to a orange/red colour
how can you detect lipids in water vs ethanol?
water is polar, lipids are non polar. lipids will not dissolve into the water and can still be detected. ethanol is nonpolar, therefor the lipids can dissolve
why are dish soaps good for removing grease stains?
dish soap has both hydrophillic (head) and hydrophobic (tail) ends. because it is both of these, a soap molecule can dissolve in water as well as dissolve fats. fats are attracted to nonpolar end while polar end allows for the whole thing to be dissolved by water
what is biuret reagent searching for? how does it react?
biuret is looking for proteins (albumin) and turns it from a clear solution to a purple colour
centrosome
when cell divides, centrosome moves to opp ends of cell and organizes microtubules in cell division. made of two centrioles and proteins
chromatin
within nucleus, packages long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures
chromosome
composed of DNA and proteins
cell/plasma membrane
barrier that surrounds and contains cytoplasm of cell. separates cells internal environment from external and controls what can enter and exit a cell through selectively permeable membrane
cillia
uses sweeping whip like motion to move fluid around the cell, or propel the cell through the fluid
cytoplasm
consists of cytosol(fluid made of mostly water), internal material between the cell
membrane and nucleus, maintains environment for organelles in cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
produces proteins for cell to function. (covered in ribosomes)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
synthesis of lipids which are a component of plasma membrane, production of steroids, and metabolize carbohydrates
golgi apparatus
series of stacked, flat membranous sacs that are curved. modification, tagging, packaging, and transport of proteins and lipids
lysosome
contains digestive enzymes. digest particles from endocytosis, degrade old organelles and non useable tissue. also preforms glycogenolysis
mitochondria
double membrane organelle that, generates most cellular energy by breaking down food molecules and transferring energy to phosphate bonds.
nuclear membrane
membrane that surrounds the nucleus; consisting of a double lipid-bilayer
nuclear pore
protein-lined openings found scattered throughout the nuclear envelope, where things move in and out of nucleus
nucleolus
small region of the nucleus that functions in ribosome synthesis
nucleus
cell’s central organelle; contains the cell’s DNA
ribosome
functions in protein synthesis. consists of proteins and rRNA
centriole
small open ended barrel shaped organelle that form base of flagella and cillia
what organelles are not membrane bound?
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, and centrioles
