lab 14 Flashcards
what are accessory organs of the digestive tract?
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
what is the order food moves thru the digestive tract?
mouth
pharynx (oro, laryngo)
esophagus
stomach
SI (duodenum, jujenum, ileum)
LI (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid)
rectum
anus
what are the layers of the digestive wall starting deep
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
what fluid is produced by peritoneum?
serous fluid
what are mesentreries?
membranes in the dig tract that hold organs in place and contain blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.
what is the greater omentum?
extends from the inderior curve of the stomach over intestines.
what is the lesser omentum?
joins superior curve of stomach with the liver
what is the mucosa and submucosa layers?
m-lines lumen
s- CT that has blood vessels and nerves
what is the muscularis and serosa layers?
m- 2 layers of smooth musc in dig organs, in stomach has 3 so it can churn food.
s- secretes serous fluid to prevent friction as organs move.
what covers the muscularis layer in the esophagus?
adventitia
a fibrous CT
has this bc it doesnt have peritoneum and it allows it to be succured
what epithelium is the mucosa of the esophagus? what is its purpose?
nonkeritanized stratified squamous epithelium
prevents foreign substances from getting in
what epithelium is the mucosa of the stomach? what is its purpose?
simple columnar epithelium
lubricate food masses and allow movement thru the stomach. it also provides a protection for the stomach wall from the digestive acids in the stomach
what epithelium is the mucosa of the small intestine? what is its purpose?
simple columnar epithelium
produces mucus to prevent food from scratching and absorbs nutrients
what epithelium is the mucosa of the large intestine? what is its purpose?
simple columnar epithelium
absorbs nutrients
what is the dental formula for a baby?
I 2/2
C 1/1
P 0/0
M 2/2
what is the dental formula for an adult?
I 2/2
C 1/1
P 2/2
M 3/3
what are the 4 types of teeth?
incisors
canines
premolars
molars
what is the job of each type of tooth
I- cut and shred food
C- tearing food
P- crushing, cracking food
M- grind food into fine pieces
what are deciduous teeth? permanent?
primary or baby teeth
secondary (adult) teeth
how many teeth in deciduous?
20
how many teeth in total do adults have? in each jaw?
32
16
what is the exposed part of the tooth? embedded part?
crown
root
what is the role of the liver?
production and secretion of bile
filters blood
breaks down drugs and alc
what is the role of the pancreas?
has exocrine and endocrine glands.
exo- most of the organ, produces pancreatic juices containing digestive enzymes.
edo- has cells called islets of langerhans that release hormones into blood
whats the roles of the pharynx and esphagus?
p- moves food into espoh
e- moves food to stomach
what is the function of the stomach?
begins chem digestion
temp storage of food
churns food w dig enzymes to break down food
what is the function of the SI and LI?
s- absorption of nutrients
l-absorption of water
what is visceral and parietal peritoneum?
v- covers the organs
p- lines abdominopelvic cavity
whats the major movement in the dig tract
peristalsis- contracting behind food to move it forward
what is segmentaion?
contracting in backward or forward movement to help break down chyme
in carbohydrate digestion, why does benedicts turn the soultion orange when mixed w starch and saliva?
there is chemical digestion of sugar and the amalyze in saliva is able to break it down turning the solution orange
what happened when you mixed iodine with starch? what happened when you added saliva?
starch- the iodine and starch bind making it dark blue
saliva- the starch was digested by saliva so the iodine could not bind, turning it yellow
in protein dig, when fibrin, pepsin, and hydrochloric acids were mixed, was there any digestion?
protein (fibrin) was digested by pepsin, which was only able to work because it needs an acidic environment which was provided by the hydro acid
why is there no digestion when you mix fibrin, pepsin, and water?
the pH was too high
what digests proteins?
pepsin, an enzyme secreted by pepsinogen
what happens when you mix limus cream(lipid), bile salts, and pancreatic lipase?
lipase digests the lipid and bile salt emulsifies it
what happens when you mix limus cream(lipid), bile salts, and water?
theres no digestion bc there is no enzyme to chemically digest it and theres no pH change
what happens when you mix limus cream(lipid), water, and pancreatic lipase?
theres no digestion because without bile salts you cannot fully digest fats
what does epinephrine do to smooth musc activity? what nerv sys?
decreases
sympathetic nerv sys
what does acetylcholine do to smooth musc activity? what nerv sys?
increases
parasympathetic nerv sys
where does lipid digestion occur
small intestine
where does mechanical dig start?
mouth by chewing/mastification
in what chemical forms are carbs, proteins, and lipids absorbed from
c- monosaccharides
p- amino acids
l- cholesterol and triglycerides
appendicitis
immflamation of appendix caused by infection
gallstones
hard pebble like pieces of cholesterol from gallbladder
heart burn
discomfort from acids moving into esophagus
chrons disease
immflamtion of dig tract
