lab 13 Flashcards
what is the pathway of electrical activity through the heart?
cardiac excitation begins at the sinoatrial node (SA), then to AV node, goes thru bundle of his, then to purkinje fibres
what is a P wave?
positive deflection associated w atrial depolarization
what is a QRS complex?
series of pos and neg deflections associated w ventricular depolarization. begins w Q wave to end of S wave
what is a T wave?
positive deflection following QRS complex representing ventricular repolarization. it is longer and lower amplitude
what are the effects epinephrine has on heart rate and strength of reaction? what nerv sys is it associated w
increases heart rate and strength of reaction
associated w sympathetic nerv sys
what are the effects acetylcholine has on heart rate and strength of reaction?what nerv sys is it associated w
slows heart rate and decreases strength of reaction
associated w parasympathetic nerv sys
what is systolic pressure?
contracted state, the max pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction
what is diastolic pressure?
relaxed state, the minimun pressure in arteries during ventricular relaxation
trace the pathway of air through the respiratory system
air enters nasal cav thru nostrils - nasal conchae - nasopharynx - pharyngeal tonil - oropharynx - epiglottis - laryngopharynx - glottis - larynx - trachea - left and right primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - terminal bronchioles - respitory bronchioles - alveolar sacs
what is atmospheric pressure? whats the av?
pressure of the air outside of the body
av is 760 mmllg
what is intrapulmonary pressure
the pressure within the lung at alveoli
what is intrapleural
pressure?
the pressure within the pleural cavity
Can you explain why you can hold your breath longer after breathing deeply and vigorously for two minutes?
because it decreases the level of CO2 in the blood, CO2 is responsible for triggering the need to breathe.
why does pulse rate and BP change when going from reclining to standing?
lower BP and HR when reclined bc less gravity effects and more blood pooling around heart.
when standing more blood pools at legs so HR is higher bc venus return is lower
why cant you measure venous blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer
bc venus BP is much lower than arterial BP
how do you calculate venus BP
(D - 10) X (.78) = venus BP
D- distance between chalk marks in cm
explain how and why venous pressure is affected by the Valsalva maneuver?
increases intrathoracic pressure, used to demonstrate the effect of thorasic pressure changes on venus BP
how is ciliated pseudostratified epithelium is specialized for its protective function in
the respiratory tract?
goblet cells produces mucus to trap foreign substances and cilia moves mucus out of resp sys.
prevents infections and damage to lungs
what is tital volume? whats the average
the vol of air inspired and expired with each normal quiet resp ( norm breath).
av- 500ml
what muscs involved in quiet inspiration
diapragm, external intercostals
what is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? whats the av in male and female
the vol of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration.
m- 1200ml
f- 800 ml
what is vital capacity? whats the av?
the max amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs from a maximal inspiration to max experation.
m- 4800ml
f- 3400ml
what muscs are used in force expiration?
scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor
what is inspiratory reserve vol? whats the av?
the vol of air that can be forcably inhaled after norm inspiration
m- 3100ml
f- 2100 ml
what is residual volume? whats the avs?
the volume of air that cannot be expelled from the lungs
m-1200ml
f- 1000ml
why is your respiration rate is affected by exercise or breathing deeply into a
paper bag?
more CO2 in blood so resp center is stimulated
