lab 13

Question 1

what is the pathway of electrical activity through the heart?

Answer 1

cardiac excitation begins at the sinoatrial node (SA), then to AV node, goes thru bundle of his, then to purkinje fibres

Question 2

what is a P wave?

Answer 2

positive deflection associated w atrial depolarization

Question 3

what is a QRS complex?

Answer 3

series of pos and neg deflections associated w ventricular depolarization. begins w Q wave to end of S wave

Question 4

what is a T wave?

Answer 4

positive deflection following QRS complex representing ventricular repolarization. it is longer and lower amplitude

Question 5

what are the effects epinephrine has on heart rate and strength of reaction? what nerv sys is it associated w

Answer 5

increases heart rate and strength of reaction
associated w sympathetic nerv sys

Question 6

what are the effects acetylcholine has on heart rate and strength of reaction?what nerv sys is it associated w

Answer 6

slows heart rate and decreases strength of reaction
associated w parasympathetic nerv sys

Question 7

what is systolic pressure?

Answer 7

contracted state, the max pressure in the arteries during ventricular contraction

Question 8

what is diastolic pressure?

Answer 8

relaxed state, the minimun pressure in arteries during ventricular relaxation

Question 9

trace the pathway of air through the respiratory system

Answer 9

air enters nasal cav thru nostrils - nasal conchae - nasopharynx - pharyngeal tonil - oropharynx - epiglottis - laryngopharynx - glottis - larynx - trachea - left and right primary bronchi - secondary bronchi - terminal bronchioles - respitory bronchioles - alveolar sacs

Question 10

what is atmospheric pressure? whats the av?

Answer 10

pressure of the air outside of the body
av is 760 mmllg

Question 11

what is intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 11

the pressure within the lung at alveoli

Question 12

what is intrapleural
pressure?

Answer 12

the pressure within the pleural cavity

Question 13

Can you explain why you can hold your breath longer after breathing deeply and vigorously for two minutes?

Answer 13

because it decreases the level of CO2 in the blood, CO2 is responsible for triggering the need to breathe.

Question 14

why does pulse rate and BP change when going from reclining to standing?

Answer 14

lower BP and HR when reclined bc less gravity effects and more blood pooling around heart.
when standing more blood pools at legs so HR is higher bc venus return is lower

Question 15

why cant you measure venous blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer

Answer 15

bc venus BP is much lower than arterial BP

Question 16

how do you calculate venus BP

Answer 16

(D - 10) X (.78) = venus BP
D- distance between chalk marks in cm

Question 17

explain how and why venous pressure is affected by the Valsalva maneuver?

Answer 17

increases intrathoracic pressure, used to demonstrate the effect of thorasic pressure changes on venus BP

Question 18

how is ciliated pseudostratified epithelium is specialized for its protective function in
the respiratory tract?

Answer 18

goblet cells produces mucus to trap foreign substances and cilia moves mucus out of resp sys.
prevents infections and damage to lungs

Question 19

what is tital volume? whats the average

Answer 19

the vol of air inspired and expired with each normal quiet resp ( norm breath).
av- 500ml

Question 20

what muscs involved in quiet inspiration

Answer 20

diapragm, external intercostals

Question 21

what is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)? whats the av in male and female

Answer 21

the vol of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration.
m- 1200ml
f- 800 ml

Question 22

what is vital capacity? whats the av?

Answer 22

the max amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs from a maximal inspiration to max experation.
m- 4800ml
f- 3400ml

Question 23

what muscs are used in force expiration?

Answer 23

scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and pectoralis minor

Question 24

what is inspiratory reserve vol? whats the av?

Answer 24

the vol of air that can be forcably inhaled after norm inspiration
m- 3100ml
f- 2100 ml

Question 25

what is residual volume? whats the avs?

Answer 25

the volume of air that cannot be expelled from the lungs
m-1200ml
f- 1000ml

Question 26

why is your respiration rate is affected by exercise or breathing deeply into a
paper bag?

Answer 26

more CO2 in blood so resp center is stimulated