Lab 7 Terms Flashcards
What are the types of skeletal muscles?
Parallel
Convergent
Pennate
Circular
The fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle. They are generally long strap like muscles that can generate much force. The strongest of these muscles are fusiform in shape, that is, they are wide in the middle and taper at each end. Ex: rectus abdominal and the biceps brachii
Parallel
These are fan-like muscles. The fascicles are broad at the origin and taper to a narrow insertion. This arrangement functions to concentrate the force of the muscle contraction into a small area.
Ex: pectoralis major
Convergent
The fascicles are attached to a tendon in a feather-like manner. The tendon is the shaft of the feather and the fascicles are the vane of the feather.
Pennate
Three types of pennate
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate
Type of pennate muscle that are attached to one side of the tendon, ex: extensor digitorum
Unipennate
Type of pennate muscle that are attached to both sides of the tendon, ex: rectus femoris
Bipennate
Type of pennate muscle where the fascicles converge on a branching tendon, ex: deltoid
Multipennate
These are sphincter muscles. The fascicles surround an opening. The action of the muscle increases or decreases the diameter of the opening. Ex: orbicularis oculi
Circular
When the occipital is contracted, this muscle raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of the forehead. When the occipital is is relaxed, it draws the skin anteriorly.
Frontalis
It pulls the skin on the face posteriorly.
Occipitalis
Together they extend the head by flexing the cervical portion of the vertebral column. Alone they turn the head in the direction opposite of the contraction.
Sternocleicomastoid
Acts with the masseter to raise and pull back the mandible.
Temporalis
Raises and lowers the lower mandible, closes the mouth, and clenches the teeth. It also may move the mandible from side to side.
Masseter
Closes and protrudes the lips and pulls the lips back against the teeth
Orbicularis oris
Elevates and draws the scapula medially. It also extends and/or flexes the head.
Splenius capitis
Elevates and helps the scapula rotate when adducting the arm.
Rhomboideus minor
Depresses and abducts the scapula, rotates it down and stabilizes it.
Pectoralis minor
Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the humerus inward.
Pectoralis major
Abducts the scapula and rotates it upward. It also lifts the ribs when the scapula is fixed.
Serratus anterior
Compresses the abdomen and can rotate the vertebral column
Internal and external oblique
Flexes the lumbar region of the vertebral column and compresses the abdomen.
Rectus abdominis
Elevates and/or adducts the scapula, rotates the scapula up or down, and draws the head back when the shoulders are fixed.
Trapezius
Elevates and rotates the scapula downward while adducting the arm.
Rhomboideus major
It laterally rotates and abducts the arm at the shoulder
Infraspinatus
Laterally rotates, extends, and adducts the humerus at the shoulder and stabilizes the elbow joint.
Teres minor
Assists the extension of the humerus, medially rotates the humerus, helps rotate the scapula downward.
Teres major
Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder. Also draws the arm inferiorly and posteriorly.
Latissimus dorsi
Connective tissue that acts as the origin for muscles of the lower back.
Lumbodorsal fascia
Abducts the arm at the shoulder, flexes and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder, and extends and laterally rotates the arm at the shoulder.
Deltoid
Flexes the arm and forearm at the shoulder and elbow respectively and rotates the radius to supinate the hand.
Biceps brachii
Flexes the forearm at the elbow.
Brachialis
Antagonistic to the brachialis, extends the forearm and arm at the elbow and shoulder respectively.
Triceps brachii
Extends and abducts the hands at the wrist functioning in radial hand movement the wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis
Flexes the forearm at the elbow and supinates and pronates the forearm at the joint between he radius and ulna so the forearm is in a neutral position.
Brachioradialis
Pronates the forearm and aids in flexing the forearm at the elbow.
Pronator teres
Flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist.
Flexor carpi radialis
Aids the deltoid when abducting the arm at the humerus.
Supraspinatus
Extends the four medial digits, spreads the digits as it extends them, extends the wrist if the fingers are flexed.
Extensor digitorum
Flexes and rotates the thigh away from the midline at the hip.
Tensor fasciae latae
Flexes and draws the thigh toward the midline at the hip. And medially rotates the thigh.
Pectineus
Laterally rotates the thigh toward the midline and flexes the thigh at the hip.
Adductor longus
Flexes the calf at the knee and flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh if flexed at the hip.
Sartorius
Extends the four lateral toes and everts the foot at the ankle.
Extensor digitorum longus
Extends the leg at the knee.
Vastus lateralis and vastus medialis
Extends the leg at the knee. Also flexes the thigh at the hip.
Rectus femoris
Laterally rotates and extends the thigh at the hip
Gluteus maximus
Flexes the leg at the knee, extends the thigh at the hip, and medially rotates the thigh.
Semitendinosus
Flexes the leg at the knee, extends the thigh at the hip, and rotates the thigh laterally if flexed.
Biceps femoris
Serves as the insertion point for the superficial muscles of the calf
Calcaneal tendon
Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle and flexes the leg at the knee (when not bearing weight).
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle. It is located beneath the gastrocnemius
Soleus
Dorsally flexes the foot at the ankle and inverts and adducts the foot
Tibialis anterior
Everts and abducts the foot. It also weakly provides plantar flexing of the foot at the ankle and everts the foot at the intertarsal joints.
Peroneus longus
Flexes the leg at the knee, extends the thigh at the hip, and medially rotates the tibia.
Semimembranosus
Connects the tibial tuberosity to the quadriceps tendon.
Patellar ligament
