Lab 6 Terms

Question 1

Articulations/joints

Answer 1

Points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilage

Question 2

Two classifications of articulation

Answer 2

Functional and structural

Question 3

Functional classification of articulations/joints consists of:

Answer 3

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

Question 4

Synarthroses

Answer 4

Little or no movement

Ex: cranial bones

Question 5

Amphiarthroses

Answer 5

Slightly movable

Ex: pubic symphysis

Question 6

Diarthroses

Answer 6

Freely mobile

Ex: knee or shoulder joints

Question 7

What is the structural classification of joints based on?

Answer 7

Presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connective tissue present

Question 8

Three categories of structural classification of joints

Answer 8

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joint

Question 9

Fibrous joints

Answer 9

Lack a synovial joint;
They contain collagen fibers of varying lengths between bones;
Allow for little to no movement

Question 10

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 10

Lack a synovial cavity, and cartilage sits between the articulating bones and little or no movement is allowed

Question 11

Structural classification of fibrous joints consist of:

Answer 11

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

Question 12

These are wavy seams between bones. They are immobile, with short collagen fibers joining the two bones. Ex: found only in the skull, between cranial bones

Answer 12

Sutures

Question 13

Bones at these joints are connected by a sheet of connective tissue. They may either be immobile or slightly mobile. Ex: joint between the tibia, and fibula, and bet. the ulna and radius

Answer 13

Syndesmoses

Question 14

A immobile peg-and-socket joint bound with fibrous connective tissue. Ex: teeth in the sockets of jaws

Answer 14

Gomphoses

Question 15

Structural classification of cartilaginous joints consist of:

Answer 15

Synchondroses

Symphyses

Question 16

A plate of hyaline cartilage joins two bones. It permits bone growth and flexibility; becomes ossified when growth ceases. Ex: the epiphyseal plated in the long bones, bet. attachments of the sternum and ribs

Answer 16

Synchondroses

Question 17

Bones are joint by a fibrocartilage pad, or plate, which limits movement. It helps to absorb shock. Ex: pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs

Answer 17

Symphyses

Question 18

Synovial joint

Answer 18

Has synovial cavity

Question 19

Synovial cavity

Answer 19

Space between articulating bones which is normally filled with synovial fluid acting a a lubricant;
Lined with hyaline cartilage on the ends of the bones, and enclosed by a fibrous joint capsule

Question 20

Ligaments

Answer 20

Collagen-based connective tissue which joins bone to bone

Question 21

Tendons

Answer 21

Collagen-based connective tissue which joins muscle to bone

Question 22

Bursae

Answer 22

Fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid, and are found between muscles, or where a tendon passed over a bone.
Function to cushion muscles, and enable a tendon to slide easily over a bone.
Highly mobile

Question 23

Structural classification of synovial joints consist of:

Answer 23

Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Ellipse ideal
Saddle
Ball and socket

Question 24

Gliding

Answer 24

Flat, slightly concave, or convex.
Permit side-to-side or back-and-forth motion
Motion is 1 dimensional, ex: joints bet. carpals, tarsals, sternum and clavicle

Question 25

Hinge

Answer 25

Convex end of one bone fits into the concave end of the other bone; act like a door hinge
Motion is 1 dimensional, ex: elbow, knee, finger, and toe joints

Question 26

Pivot

Answer 26

The pointed or conical surface of one bone articulate w/ a ligament on a ring of bone.
Permits rotation around an axis, motion is 1 dimensional

Question 27

Ellipsoidal

Answer 27

Oval condyle on one bone fits into a similarly shaped elliptical cavity on a second bone. This permits side-to-side AND back-and-forth motion, or 2-dimensional motion. Ex: wrist joint

Question 28

Saddle

Answer 28

Both joints in the articulation are saddle-shaped, or concave on one surface, and convex on the other.
Permits 2 dimensional motion, ex: metacarpal of thumb

Question 29

Ball and socket

Answer 29

The round end of one bone fits into a cup on the adjoining bone. This arrangement permits 3D motion. Ex: joints between humerus and scapula, and the pelvis and femur