Lab 6 Terms Flashcards
Articulations/joints
Points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilage
Two classifications of articulation
Functional and structural
Functional classification of articulations/joints consists of:
Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses
Synarthroses
Little or no movement
Ex: cranial bones
Amphiarthroses
Slightly movable
Ex: pubic symphysis
Diarthroses
Freely mobile
Ex: knee or shoulder joints
What is the structural classification of joints based on?
Presence or absence of a synovial cavity and the type of connective tissue present
Three categories of structural classification of joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joint
Fibrous joints
Lack a synovial joint;
They contain collagen fibers of varying lengths between bones;
Allow for little to no movement
Cartilaginous joints
Lack a synovial cavity, and cartilage sits between the articulating bones and little or no movement is allowed
Structural classification of fibrous joints consist of:
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses
These are wavy seams between bones. They are immobile, with short collagen fibers joining the two bones. Ex: found only in the skull, between cranial bones
Sutures
Bones at these joints are connected by a sheet of connective tissue. They may either be immobile or slightly mobile. Ex: joint between the tibia, and fibula, and bet. the ulna and radius
Syndesmoses
A immobile peg-and-socket joint bound with fibrous connective tissue. Ex: teeth in the sockets of jaws
Gomphoses
Structural classification of cartilaginous joints consist of:
Synchondroses
Symphyses
A plate of hyaline cartilage joins two bones. It permits bone growth and flexibility; becomes ossified when growth ceases. Ex: the epiphyseal plated in the long bones, bet. attachments of the sternum and ribs
Synchondroses
Bones are joint by a fibrocartilage pad, or plate, which limits movement. It helps to absorb shock. Ex: pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs
Symphyses
Synovial joint
Has synovial cavity
Synovial cavity
Space between articulating bones which is normally filled with synovial fluid acting a a lubricant;
Lined with hyaline cartilage on the ends of the bones, and enclosed by a fibrous joint capsule
Ligaments
Collagen-based connective tissue which joins bone to bone
Tendons
Collagen-based connective tissue which joins muscle to bone
Bursae
Fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid, and are found between muscles, or where a tendon passed over a bone.
Function to cushion muscles, and enable a tendon to slide easily over a bone.
Highly mobile
Structural classification of synovial joints consist of:
Gliding Hinge Pivot Ellipse ideal Saddle Ball and socket
Gliding
Flat, slightly concave, or convex.
Permit side-to-side or back-and-forth motion
Motion is 1 dimensional, ex: joints bet. carpals, tarsals, sternum and clavicle
Hinge
Convex end of one bone fits into the concave end of the other bone; act like a door hinge
Motion is 1 dimensional, ex: elbow, knee, finger, and toe joints
Pivot
The pointed or conical surface of one bone articulate w/ a ligament on a ring of bone.
Permits rotation around an axis, motion is 1 dimensional
Ellipsoidal
Oval condyle on one bone fits into a similarly shaped elliptical cavity on a second bone. This permits side-to-side AND back-and-forth motion, or 2-dimensional motion. Ex: wrist joint
Saddle
Both joints in the articulation are saddle-shaped, or concave on one surface, and convex on the other.
Permits 2 dimensional motion, ex: metacarpal of thumb
Ball and socket
The round end of one bone fits into a cup on the adjoining bone. This arrangement permits 3D motion. Ex: joints between humerus and scapula, and the pelvis and femur
