Bone Location & Description Flashcards
Form the roof of the skull and encases the top and lateral sides of the brain
Parietal
Forms the sides and the base of the skull at the temples. It also forms the posterior portion of the cheekbone and articulates with the lower jaw. The auditory meatus passes through this bone
Temporal
Forms the forehead, including the brow ridge and upper surface of eye sockets
Frontal
Forms the roof of the nasal cavity and a portion of the base of the skull
Ethmoid
Forms a portion of the base of he skull and is visible on the side of the cranium between the frontal and temporal bones. It is the location of the pituitary gland.
Sphenoid
Forms the base of the skull, and surrounds the foramen magnum which is the opening for the spinal cord. It articulates with the atlas by two occipital condyles.
Occipital
Joins to form the upper jaw, the anterior hard palate, and provides sockets for the upper teeth
Maxilla
Forms the cheekbones and connects the maxillary bones to the frontal and temporal bones
Zygomatic
Forms part of the medial surface of each eye orbit. The orbits contains groove that houses the lacrimal canal.
Lacrimal
Joins to form the base of the nose
Nasal
Located below the ethmoid bone on the lateral wall of each nasal cavity
Inferior nasal concha
Forms the posterior part of the hard palate and a portion of the wall of the nasal cavity
Palatine
Forms the lower jaw and contains sockets for the lower teeth
Mandible (*know the features/parts)
A small bone that forms the lower half of the nasal septum
Vomer
These vertebrae form the neck
Cervical vertebrae
Provide a passage for the vertebral arteries, and are only found on cervical vertebrae
Transverse foramina
Modified to articulate with the occipital condyle, which enables vertical up and down movement of the skull
Atlas (C1)
Highly modified and has a large medial process called “dens”
Axis (C2)
Articulates with the axis, providing a point of rotation which enables the horizontal turning of the skull
Dens
These are vertebrae of the chest to which ribs attach. They have long spinous processes which increase in height, inferiorly.
Thoracic vertebrae
These vertebrae form the lower back. The bodies are large and thick, with long transverse processes, and short, wide spinous processes.
Lumbar vertebrae
This bone is the result of the fusion of the five sacral vertebrae. It articulates L5, the coccyx and the pelvic girdle.
Sacrum
This bone is the result of the fusion between three to five caudal, or tail vertebrae. It is often called the tail bone
Coccyx
This is commonly known as the breastbone. It is a flat narrow bone in the center of the upper chest. It articulates with the clavicles (collarbones) and the ribs.
Sternum
Parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
The costal cartilage attaches to these ribs directly to the sternum, and they increase in length, inferiorly.
True ribs
The first three pairs of these ribs are indirectly connected to the sternum by cartilage attached to the costal cartilage of the last true rib. They become shorter, inferiorly.
False ribs
Last two pairs of false ribs
Floating ribs
These are the collar bones. They are long bones with a double-curve and function to increase the rigidity of the pectoral girdle
Clavicle
These bones form the wrist and are arranged in two rows (4 bones in each row). They articulate with the ulna, radius, and metacarpals.
Carpals
These are the bones of the palm of the hand. They articulate with the carpals and the phalanges.
Metacarpals
These are the bones of the fingers. There are three bones in each finger, and two in each thumb.
Phalanges
This bone forms the upper arm and, is the longest and thickest bone the arm. The proximal end articulates with the scapula and the distal end articulates with the ulna.
Humerus
This is the bone of the forearm located on the same side as the thumb. It articulates with the humerus and ulna, proximally, and with the ulna and carpals distally.
Radius
This is the longest bone in the forearm. It is located on the same side of the elbow as the little finger. It articulates with the humerus, radius, and the carpals.
Ulna
Large triangular bones in the back. They articulate with the clavicle, humerus, and anchor muscles of the forelimbs.
Scapula
These two bones form the pelvis. Each bone is formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and the pubis on either side of the body. It joins the vertebral column at the sacroiliac joint.
Os coaxe
Where does the right and left coaxe join anteriorly?
Pubic symphysis
These are the largest bones in the pelvis. They form the upper and anterior portion of the hips.
Ilium
These are the half ring shaped bones on the bottom of the coaxe. They are located in the buttocks, we sit on them.
Ischium
The two pubic bones fuse to form the pubic region at the base of the hips
Pubis
This is a socket that forms where the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones join. It is the socket portion of the ball-and-socket joint formed by conjunction with the femur.
Acetabulum
These bones form the ankle. The bones move the ankle and function to support body weight.
Tarsals
Largest and strongest of the tarsals, and it forms the heels.
Calcaneus
These bones are similar to the metacarpals in the hands. They’re more massive because they support the body’s weight.
Metatarsals
These bones are similar to the phalanges in the hands. They are much shorter and stouter because they provide stability, but cannot be used for manipulating objects.
Phalanges (foot)
This is the bone of the thigh. It is the strongest, heaviest, and longest bone of the body. It articulates with the acetabulum proximally and with the head of the tibia distally.
Femur
This bone is commonly called the kneecap. It is located inside a tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle and does not articulate with any bone. Functionally, it increases leverage exceed by thigh muscles when extending the leg.
Patella
This bone is commonly called the “shinbone” and is located on the inner side of the lower leg. It articulates proximally with the femur, and both proximally and distally with the fibula.
Tibia
Forms the medial portion of the ankle
Medial malleolus
This bone is located on the outer side of the lower leg. It is a slim bone and bears little weight. It functions to limit foot motion, with little side-to-side motion.
Fibula
Forms the outer portion and strengthens the ankle joint
Lateral malleolus
