Lab 4

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A group of similar cells and their intercellular matrix, united by a common function

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

Large cells with one or more processes, or projections (dendrites and axons), extending from the cell body; function to conduct nerve impulses

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

Carry nerve impulses toward the neuron cell body

Question 4

Axons

Answer 4

Carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 5

Neuroglia

Answer 5

Small cells surrounding neurons; function to support and protect neurons

Question 6

Multipolar neurons

Answer 6

Have one axon and 2 or more dendrites; they are located in the brain and spinal cord and function to send nerve impulses to skeletal muscles

Question 7

Bipolar neurons

Answer 7

Have be axon and one dendrite; associated with in the special sense of vision, hearing, and smell and function to relay sensory information to the brain

Question 8

Unipolar neurons

Answer 8

Have a single process from the nerve cell body which joins a continuous axon and dendrite; function as the body’s internal sensors

Question 9

Epithelium

Answer 9

Tissue that covers the body or lines internal cavities

Question 10

Simple epithelium

Answer 10

When epithelium is one cell layer thick

Question 11

Stratified epithelium

Answer 11

When epithelium has more than one layer of cells

Question 12

Cuboidal epithelial cells

Answer 12

Shaped like a cube, and are about as wide as they are high

Question 13

Squamous epithelial cells

Answer 13

Flat, scale-like cells

Question 14

Columnar epithelial cells

Answer 14

Shaped like columns, and are higher than they are wide

Question 15

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 15

Consists of a single layer of flattened, pancake-like cells next to a space, or lumen

Question 16

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 16

Consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells

Question 17

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 17

Consists of a single layer of column-shaped cells

Question 18

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 18

Possesses multiple layers of cells; the cells next to the base membrane are either cuboidal or columnar, and progressively flatten into squamous cells as they near the surface of the lumen

Question 19

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 19

Consists of multiple layers of cube-shaped cells

Question 20

Stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 20

Consists of multiple layers of columnar shaped cells; some have cilia which project into the lumen of the body structure

Question 21

Pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 21

Looks similar to stratified epithelium; the nuclei appear in many levels and some cells appear to rest upon other cells, however, if the tissue is carefully examined, one can see all of the cells in contact with the basement membrane

Question 22

Transitional epithelium

Answer 22

Consists of between two to about six layers of cells; the cells in the basal portion of the tissue are essential cuboidal, the cells near the apical surface are flattened, but not as flat as squamous

Question 23

Muscle tissue

Answer 23

Occurs in sheets of bundles

Question 24

Muscle

Answer 24

Create movement by contracting or shortening along their length

Question 25

Cardiac muscle

Answer 25

One of the two types of muscle tissue which exhibits striation, the striation are perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle cells

Question 26

Cardiac muscle cells

Answer 26

Relatively long and branched within the sheet; joined end to end by intercalated discs and appear as single, relatively thick, dark bands perpendicular to the long axis, or length, of the cell

Question 27

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 27

Other type of muscle tissue that is striated; the striations appear as light and dark bands perpendicular to the long axis cell

Question 28

Skeletal muscle cell

Answer 28

Large, rod-like cells that lay in relatively parallel sheets

Question 29

Smooth muscle

Answer 29

NOT striated; primarily occurs in the walls of tubes or internal passageways

Question 30

Smooth muscle cells

Answer 30

Spindle-shaped, thick in the middle and tapered at each end; each has a single nucleus located in its center

Question 31

Connective tissue

Answer 31

Most abundant, widely distributed, and varied; the cells in connective tissue are haphazardly arranged and usually occupy less space than the intercellular matrix

Question 32

Three categories of connective tissues

Answer 32

Distinctive, cartilage and less distinctive

Question 33

Adipose tissue

Answer 33

Distinctive because the cells tend to be rather and globular in shape

Question 34

Adipose cell

Answer 34

Filled with a fat droplet which pushes the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell p against the cell membrane

Question 35

Blood cells

Answer 35

Easily recognized because they are small, oval, and usually stained red; in mammals, cells lack a nucleus and resemble smal doughnuts

Question 36

Compact bone

Answer 36

Perhaps most distinctive of all connective tissues; contains structural units called “osteons” that are composed of layers that look like rings one cross section of stumps

Question 37

Cartilage

Answer 37

Supportive tissue like bone; much more flexible; contains a stiff matrix of collagen fibers and the cells are located on small cavities “lacunae”

Question 38

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 38

Has translucent, glossy appearance which is relatively evenly colored when stained; the nucleated cells in the lacunae will be randomly dispersed throughout the tissue; colored, baby Swiss cheese

Question 39

Elastic cartilage

Answer 39

Similar to hyaline cartilage; contains darkly stained fibers which radiate in all directions from the cells in the lacunae; looks like moldy, baby Swiss cheese

Question 40

Fibrocartilage

Answer 40

Appears similar to hyaline cartilage; contains fibers in layers which run relatively parallel to each other; it looks “stringy”

Question 41

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 41

Has small, darkly stained fells surrounded by root-like fibers in a matrix with considerable space between the cells; has sponge-like appearance; small pores of a sponge

Question 42

Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 42

Has layers closely packed collagen fibers running in one direction; looks like smooth muscle, but has few cells and therefore few nuclei

Question 43

Dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 43

Has thick bundles of collagen fibers and few cells but collagen fibers run in random directions

Question 44

Areolar connective tissue

Answer 44

Have lots of empty space between the haphazardly arranged cells; long, thin fibers run in random directions; fibers look like cotton that has been pulled apart