Lab 7

Question 1

Sarcoplasm

Answer 1

The cytoplasm of the muscle cell

Question 2

Sarcolemma

Answer 2

The cell membrane of a muscle cell

Question 3

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

• skeletal muscle tissue
• smooth muscle tissue
• cardiac muscle tissue

Question 4

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 4

Each skeletal muscle fibre is a long, thick, cylindrical cell. The several nuclei are pushed towards the edge of each fiber. It contains stations.

Body location examples:
- attached to all bone via tendons

Function examples:
- attached to bones and when they contract, voluntary movement of the skeleton occurs

Question 5

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 5

Each muscle fibre is a short, spindle-shaped cell with tapered ends. Each one has an oval-shaped, centrally located, single nucleus. No striations are visible.

Body location examples:
- within the walls of hollow organs

Function examples:
- The contraction of smooth muscle moves materials along hollow pathways using involuntary control.

Question 6

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 7

Intercalated discs

Answer 7

Responsible for connecting the cardiac muscles. Located at the longitudinal ends of each cardiac muscle

Question 8

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 8

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 9

Consists of all nervous tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 10

Neurons

Answer 10

The structural and function units of nervous tissue.

They function to convert stimuli into nerve impulses, which rapidly passes down the nerve impulses to other neurons.

Question 11

Basic structure of a neuron

Answer 11

Includes the soma (cell body), dendrites, and the axon

Question 12

Soma

Answer 12

Consists of the nucleus, nucleolus, and the cytoplasm.

The cytoplasm holds nissyl bodies which are clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum. It also holds neurofibrils which build the cytoskeleton.

Question 13

Dendrites

Answer 13

Tapered branches which extend out of the soma.

Function:
To receive stimuli from other neurons.

Question 14

Axon

Answer 14

A long, slender line that extends out of the soma, with myelin surrounding and insulating it. The myelin will also increase the speed of conduction.

Function:
To conduct information to other neurons.

Question 15

Schwann cells

Answer 15

Types of neuroglia cells in the peripheral nervous system that function to maintain the health of the neuron.

Question 16

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 16

Small gaps in the myelin where the plasma membrane of the axon is exposed.

Function:
Enable the nerve impulses to jump from node to node, increasing the speed of impulse travel.

Question 17

Telodendrites

Answer 17

Fine, branched endings of the axon (similar to dendrites).

Function:
Make contact with other neurons at synapses

Question 18

What are the 3 types of membranes

Answer 18

• mucous
• serous
• cutaneous

Question 19

Mucous membrane

Answer 19

Line body cavities that open to the exterior such as those in hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory,reproductive, and urinary system.

Consists of layers of epithelia and usually contains goblet cells.

Question 20

Serous membranes

Answer 20

Line the walls of cavities (parietal) and cover organs (visceral)

Consists of multiple squamous epithelium with a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

Question 21

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 21

The skin which is exposed to the air, and it is a dry membrane as opposed to mucous and serous membrane.

Question 22

Papillary layer

Answer 22

A thin layer of the dermis that is made of areolar connective tissue

Has protections called dermal papillae that extend into the epidermis. These contain Meissners corpuscles which are receptors that respond to light touch sensation

Question 23

Reticular layer

Answer 23

A layer in the dermis of dense regular connective tissue.
Contains the pacinian corpuscles which are sensitive to deep pressure

Question 24

Sweat glands

Answer 24

Located in the dermis. Uses merocrine secretion.

Function:
Its main role is to regulate body temperature through evaporation.
It releases precipitation into hair follicles or onto the skin through pores.

Question 25

Sebaceous glands

Answer 25

Found in association with the hair follicle. Uses holocrine secretion

Function:
Produce sebum which lubricated the skin and keeps the hair flexible.