Lab 7 Flashcards
Sarcoplasm
The cytoplasm of the muscle cell
Sarcolemma
The cell membrane of a muscle cell
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue
- skeletal muscle tissue
- smooth muscle tissue
- cardiac muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle tissue
Each skeletal muscle fibre is a long, thick, cylindrical cell. The several nuclei are pushed towards the edge of each fiber. It contains stations.
Body location examples:
- attached to all bone via tendons
Function examples:
- attached to bones and when they contract, voluntary movement of the skeleton occurs
Smooth muscle tissue
Each muscle fibre is a short, spindle-shaped cell with tapered ends. Each one has an oval-shaped, centrally located, single nucleus. No striations are visible.
Body location examples:
- within the walls of hollow organs
Function examples:
- The contraction of smooth muscle moves materials along hollow pathways using involuntary control.
Cardiac muscle tissue
Intercalated discs
Responsible for connecting the cardiac muscles. Located at the longitudinal ends of each cardiac muscle
Central nervous system (CNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Consists of all nervous tissue outside of the brain and spinal cord
Neurons
The structural and function units of nervous tissue.
They function to convert stimuli into nerve impulses, which rapidly passes down the nerve impulses to other neurons.
Basic structure of a neuron
Includes the soma (cell body), dendrites, and the axon
Soma
Consists of the nucleus, nucleolus, and the cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm holds nissyl bodies which are clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum. It also holds neurofibrils which build the cytoskeleton.
Dendrites
Tapered branches which extend out of the soma.
Function:
To receive stimuli from other neurons.
Axon
A long, slender line that extends out of the soma, with myelin surrounding and insulating it. The myelin will also increase the speed of conduction.
Function:
To conduct information to other neurons.
Schwann cells
Types of neuroglia cells in the peripheral nervous system that function to maintain the health of the neuron.
Nodes of Ranvier
Small gaps in the myelin where the plasma membrane of the axon is exposed.
Function:
Enable the nerve impulses to jump from node to node, increasing the speed of impulse travel.
Telodendrites
Fine, branched endings of the axon (similar to dendrites).
Function:
Make contact with other neurons at synapses
What are the 3 types of membranes
- mucous
- serous
- cutaneous
Mucous membrane
Line body cavities that open to the exterior such as those in hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory,reproductive, and urinary system.
Consists of layers of epithelia and usually contains goblet cells.
Serous membranes
Line the walls of cavities (parietal) and cover organs (visceral)
Consists of multiple squamous epithelium with a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.
Cutaneous membrane
The skin which is exposed to the air, and it is a dry membrane as opposed to mucous and serous membrane.
Papillary layer
A thin layer of the dermis that is made of areolar connective tissue
Has protections called dermal papillae that extend into the epidermis. These contain Meissners corpuscles which are receptors that respond to light touch sensation
Reticular layer
A layer in the dermis of dense regular connective tissue.
Contains the pacinian corpuscles which are sensitive to deep pressure
Sweat glands
Located in the dermis. Uses merocrine secretion.
Function:
Its main role is to regulate body temperature through evaporation.
It releases precipitation into hair follicles or onto the skin through pores.
