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A+P Lab > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical postition

A

Standing erect, face forward with arms at the sides and palms towards the front.

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2
Q

Superior / inferior

A

Superior = the upper region of the body

Inferior = the lower region of the body

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3
Q

Dorsal / ventral

A

(Only used in reference to 4 legged animals)

Dorsal = the top region of the animal ( it’s back)

Ventral = the underneath region of the animal (it’s belly)

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4
Q

Anterior / posterior

A

Anterior = the front facing side of the human body

Posterior = the back facing side of the human body

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5
Q

Medial / lateral

A

Medial = closer to the imaginary “midline” of the body

Lateral = further from the imaginary “midline” of the body

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6
Q

Caudal and cranial

A

(Used for animals)

Caudal = refers to the “tail” end of the body

Cranial = refers to the head end of the body

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7
Q

Superficial / deep

A

Superficial = towards the surface of the body (aka skin)

Deep = further away from the surface (closer to bone)

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8
Q

Sagittal section (plane)

A

A vertical cut dividing the object into a left side and a right side.

Midsagittal/median = the cut is made right in the middle into equal halves

Parasagittal = not cut equally

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9
Q

Frontal section (plane)

A

A verticals cut that divides the object into a front section and back section

Also known as: coronal section

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10
Q

Transverse section (plane)

A

A horizontal cut dividing the object into a top section and a bottom section

Also known as: horizontal/cross

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11
Q

Dorsal body cavity

A

Made up of 2 subdivisions:
• the cranial cavity
• the spinal vertebral canal

Contains the brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Made up of 2 subdivisions:
• the thoracic cavity (superior)
• the abdominopelvic cavity (inforior)

The 2 subdivisions are separated by the diaphragm

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13
Q

Cranial cavity

A

The hallow portion of the skull made by the cranial bones which contain the brain.

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14
Q

Spinal vertebral canal

A

A long tubular space formed by the vertebral column (backbone). It contains the spinal cord.

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15
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Consists of 3 chambers:

1) right pleural cavity (right lung)
2) left pleural cavity (left lung)
3) pericardial cavity (the heart)

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16
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Consists of 2 cavities:

1) Abdominal cavity (stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, small/large intestine)

2) Pelvic cavity (urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, rectum, uterus, ovaries)

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17
Q

Serous membrane

A

In the ventral body cavity;

A moist/slippery, double layered, strong, elastic-like fluid. It covers the organs (viscera) and the walls of the cavities to prevent friction.

2 parts:
1) visceral layer - covers organs (viscera)
2) parietal layer - lines the cavity walls

18
Q

Parietal pleurae

A

Serous membrane which covers the pleural cavity walls (holds the lungs)

19
Q

Visceral pleurae

A

Serous membrane that cover the lungs

20
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Serous membrane which lines the pericardial cavity (holds the heart)

21
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Serous membrane which covers the heart.

22
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity

(Does not extend to the pelvic cavity)

23
Q

Mesenteries

A

Double layered folds in peritoneum, which helps hold the organs in place.

Contains blood vessels and nerves.

24
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Part of the peritoneum associated with the walls of the abdominal cavity

25
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

The peritoneum covering the organs (viscera) in the abdominal cavity.

26
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Organs within the peritoneal cavity:

Liver, stomach, spleen, most of small intestine, colon

27
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Organs that lie behind the parietal peritoneum (only anterior side is covered):

Pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, sex organs, urinary bladder, duodenum, some of small intestine.

28
Q

The arm and base

A

The parts of the microscope that is used to pick it up.

Have one hard holding the arm and the other hand under the base supporting it .

29
Q

Ocular lenses

A

The two lenses at the top used to look thorough the microscope.

Always magnifying at 10x it’s own size

30
Q

Objective lenses

A

Located on the revolving nosepiece; contains 4x, 10x, and 40x lenses which determine how fine of detail you will be able to see.

31
Q

Condenser

A

It’s role is to concentrate and direct the light from the light source so that it passes through the slide to the objective lens.

32
Q

Object stage

A

The platform that you set your slide onto.

33
Q

The iris diaphragm

A

Thin overlapping metal plates with a hole in the center which regulates the intensity of light passing through the condenser.

34
Q

Mechanical stage

A

It is used to move the slide around into correct position. Has controls on the side of microscope and a clipping device to hold the slide in place.

35
Q

Course focus knob

A

Raises or lowers the object stage

(Should always be completely lowered when adding a slide and completely raised after adding the slide)

36
Q

Fine focus knob

A

Sharpens the image giving it more precise detail. Does not move the object stage.

37
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to see fine detail.
(Done by using fine focus knob)

Smaller the distance = higher the resolution
Greater the distance = lower the resolution

38
Q

Working distance

A

The distance between the objective lens and the slide
(Done by using coarse focus knob)

Raising object stage = decrease of working distance
Lowering object stage = increase of working distance

39
Q

Parfocal

A

Once an image is brought to focus under low power (4x), it usually isn’t necessary to adjust the course focus when switching to a higher power (10x, 40x)

40
Q

The depth of focus

A

The depth or thickness of the specimen that is in focus at any one time.

Very limited on the compound microscope

41
Q

Total magnification

A

The ocular lens magnifies at 10x its own size.
The objective lenses magnify at 4x, 10x, or 40x
Put together that equals a total magnification of 40x, 100x, or 400x

A+P Lab (16 decks)

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