Lab 2 Flashcards
Inorganic compounds/molecules
Lack carbon and are structurally simple.
Includes: water, salts, acids, bases
Organic compounds/molecules
Always contain carbon and usually hydrogen. They are large molecules.
Includes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Acid
A substance that will release H+ when dissolved in water. (Proton donors because it gives up a hydrogen proton)
Bases
Will release OH- when dissolved in water. (Proton acceptors because they receive a hydrogen proton.)
Homeostasis
The existence of a stable environment. Must be taken into account when referring to acids and bases in the body. (Very small amount of wiggle room for change)
pH scale
Measures the concentration [] of hydrogen ions in a solutions.
Goes from 0-14
0 = acidic
7 = neutral
14 = basic
Neutral red
A colour indicator used to test pH.
Neutral red remains red when added to a neutral solution (7).
Neutral red turns magenta/purple when added to a acidic solution (<7)
Neutral red turns yellow/orange when added to a basic solution (>7)
Buffer
Resists large changes in pH by releasing hydrogen ions when the pH begins to rise, or binding hydrogen ions when pH begins to drop.
Ex. Antacids (tums)
Carbohydrates
Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Classified by size using mono/di/poly-saccharides.
Function as a source of chemical energy for creating ATP.
Lipids
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and small amount of oxygen. Insoluble in polar solvents (hydrophobic), but soluble in other lipids.
Proteins
Contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. They are chains of amino acids joined my peptide bonds.
Can act as enzymes, form structural framework of tissues, or be membrane transporters.
Nucleolus
Produces and assembles the cells ribosomes.
Nuclear pore
A protein lined channel that provides access into the nucleus and out into the cytoplasm.
Nucleus
Control centre of the cell. Stores DNA and facilitates its transcription and replication.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Has many ribosomes attached which synthesize proteins and transport those proteins for export to the golgi complex
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lacks ribosomes.
Site of lipid and steroid synthesis. Is able to detoxify drugs
Golgi apparatus
Receives proteins from the rough ER and modifies them if needs, then ships them for export whether in or outside of the cell.
Mitochondria
Synthesis of ATP for metabolism done through cellular respiration
Ribosome
The site of protein synthesis in the cell. Follows coded instructions from DNA in order to produce the proteins.
Lysosome
Has digestive enzymes to digest substances invading the cell and old cellular debris that isn’t needed anymore.
Plasma membrane
Provides protection for a cell, transports nutrients into the cell, and transports toxic substances out of the cell.
Made from phospholipids.
Nuclear membrane
Protects the nucleus, keeps DNA separate from the rest of the cell, and manages what materials enter the nucleus .
Centrosome
Will duplicate itself, and then divides itself into two centrosomes, going to opposite ends of the cell; helps in cell division
Non membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton
