Lab 14

Question 1

Esophagus

Answer 1

A muscular tube that transports food from mouth to stomach by Peristalsis

Question 2

Stomach

Answer 2

Holds food and mixes it for chemical digestion to start breaking it down with enzymes.

Question 3

Small intestine

Answer 3

The primary digestive organ

It absorbs the nutrients from chemical digestion.

3 parts:
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 4

Large intestine

Answer 4

Absorbs the water from the undigested material

5 parts:
1. Cecum
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon

Question 5

Liver

Answer 5

Produces and secrete bile using hepatocytes

Question 6

Gall bladder

Answer 6

Green coloured sac attached to the liver where bile is stored and concentrated. It will be released into the duodenum under nervous and hormonal controls.

Question 7

Pancreas

Answer 7

2 parts:
1. Exocrine glands - produce pancreatic juice to be released into the duodenum.

2. Endocrine tissue - contain islets of Langerhans which release hormones into blood

Question 8

What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract?

Answer 8

Innermost
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa
Outermost

Question 9

Function of incisors

Answer 9

For cutting and shearing food.

Question 10

Function of canines

Answer 10

Have a high point used for tearing food

Question 11

Function of premolars

Answer 11

For crushing and cracking food

Question 12

Function of molars

Answer 12

For grinding food into small pieces

Question 13

Difference between mesenteries and omentums

Answer 13

Mesenteries - connect organs to the abdominal wall

Omentums - Mesenteries which connects organs to each other.

Question 14

What 2 things are needed for the digestion of proteins?

Answer 14

1. Pepsin
2. Hydrochloric acid (to optimize pH level for pepsin to be activated)

Question 15

What 2 things are needed in the digestion of lipids?

Answer 15

1. Bile salts (to emulsify lipid molecules)
2. Pancreatic lipase

Question 16

What happens when you add liquid soap to oil and water

Answer 16

The oil and water are no longer separate liquids since the soap dissolves the lipid molecules. The oil and water can now mix.

Question 17

Where are proteins digested?

Answer 17

In the stomach

Question 18

Where does lipid digestion happen?

Answer 18

Small intestine (duodenum)

Question 19

What 2 things are needed for carbohydrate digestion?

Answer 19

1. Starch (to turn into sugars)
2. Saliva (contains salivary amylase for digestion)