Lab 10 Flashcards
Orgin
Attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary (non-moving) bone
Insertion
Attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone.
Agonist
The muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for producing a particular action.
Antagonist
The muscle that stretches and yields to the effects of the agonist
Fixator
Synergistic muscle, that stabilizes the origin of the agonist.
(Steadies the proximal end, while the distal and moves)
Synergist
Contracts at the same time as agonist, and aids, the agonist and producing effective movement.
Abduction
The movement of a limb or other body part away from the medial line of the body
(Caused by the contraction of an abductor muscle)
Ex. Bringing the whole arm upwards (getting ABDUCTED)
Adduction
The movement of a limb or other body part towards the medial line of the body
(Caused by the contraction of an adductor muscle)
Ex. Bring the whole arm back down (ADDing to the size of my body)
Flexion
A bending movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones
(Caused by the contraction of a flexor muscle)
Ex. Move elbow up to make 90° angle
2 subdivisions for feet :
Dorsiflexion - the toes point upwards
plantar flexion - the toes point downwards
Extension
A bending movement that increases the angle between articulating bones; straightening or extending a limb
(Caused by the contraction of an extensor muscle)
Ex. Move elbow down to make 180° angle
Hyperextension
The continuation of extension beyond anatomical position
Rotation
The movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis, without lateral displacement of the body part.
Ex. Moving the head from side to side
Circumduction
The movement, in which one end of a limb remains relatively stationary, while the distal end of the limb moves in a circle
Ex. Being up the whole are and move it in a circle
Pronation
The movement of the hand from a palm-up to a palm-down position
Ex. Putting your hand down for a cheer in a PRO sports team huddle
Supination
The movement of the hand from a palm-down to a palm-up position
Ex. Saying SUP to the NATION by putting your palm out for a high five
Eversion
A type of supination where the movement of the soles of the feet are turned outwards
Inversion
A type of supination in which the soles of the feet move inward
How are joints classified,
The joints of the body may be classified in two ways:
1. According to their function
2. According to their structure
Functional classification of joints
Based on the amount of movement, that can occur at the joints.
3 basic types:
1. Synarthroses (immovable joints)
2. Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
3. Diarthroses (moveable joints)
Structural classification of joints
Relies on the type of connective tissue, which binds the articulating services together, and on the presence or absence of a joint cavity.
3 types:
1. Fibrous joints
2. Cartilaginous joints
3. Synovial joints
Fibrous joints
Articulating bones are firmly bound together by dense, fibrous connective tissue. Joints permit little to no movement. No joint cavity
2 types:
1. Sutures
2. Syndesmoses
Cartilaginous joints
Articulating bones are bound to each other by cartilage. Joints permit little to no movement. No joint cavity
2 types:
1. Synchondroses
2. Symphyses
Synovial joints
A joint cavity present with several structures which aid the cavity. Synovial membrane fills it.
6 types:
1. Plane joints
2. Hinge joints
3. Pivot joints
4. Condyloid joints
5. Saddle joints
4. Ball and socket joints
Function of synovial fluid
- fill the synovial cavity
- lubricate the joint
- nourishment the articular cartilage
