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LAB > Lab 6: Histology I (embryonic + connective tissue) > Flashcards

Lab 6: Histology I (embryonic + connective tissue) Flashcards

1
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

what is tissue

A

A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

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3
Q

4 basic tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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4
Q

Microtome

A

instrument that sections pieces of tissues

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5
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue that covers the body, lines body cavities, forms glands

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6
Q

connective tissue

A

binds + supports various organs

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7
Q

muscle tissue

A

movement

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8
Q

nervous tissue

A

sends + receives stimulus

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9
Q

3 primary layers in embryo

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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10
Q

what does ectoderm (outer) give rise to

A

skin cells of epidermis, neuron n.s, pigment cells

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11
Q

what does endoderm (inner)give rise to

A

mucous layers of:
Digestive (intestine+liver)
Respiratory (lung)
Urinary tracts
Digestive glands

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12
Q

what does mesoderm (middle) give rise to

A

Muscle
Blood vessels
Connective tissues

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13
Q

gelatinous tissue in mesoderm

A

mesenchyme

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14
Q

difference b/w apical and basal surface on epithelial tissue

A

apical = upper surface, may have villis
basal= lower surface attached to base

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15
Q

2 ways to classify epithelial tissue

A

of cell layers and shape of apical surface

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16
Q

how are cells arranged in epithelial tissue

A

in continuous sheets in multiple or single layers

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17
Q

function of epithelial tissue

A

covers surfaces, lines body cavities, form glands

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18
Q

how are epithelial held together

A

by specialized cell junctions (tight junctions and desmosomes)

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19
Q

function of apical surfaces and what does it face *3)

A

faces:
1. external body surface
2. body cavity
3. lumen
4. tubular duct
function: absorption and secretion

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20
Q

location of basal lamina

A

this is where basal surface sits if cell is found in single deepest layer

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21
Q

what does the basal lamina contain

A

Contains glycoproteins from epithelium + collagen fibers

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22
Q

where is reticular lamina

A

below basal lamina

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23
Q

what is reticular lamina

A

network of collagen fibers produced by cells in connective

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24
Q

what is basement membrane

A

basal lamina + reticular lamina

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25
Q

what is simple epithelium

A

single layer of cells

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26
Q

what is the epithelium that has several layers

A

stratified epithelium

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27
Q

type of epithelial cells that resemble little squares

A

cuboidal

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28
Q

type of epithelial cells that are flat and plate-like

A

squamous

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29
Q

type of epithelial cells that are tall and columnar shaped

A

columnar

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30
Q

what is the thinnest epithelium

A

simple squamous

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31
Q

location of simple squamous

A

Line the heart, blood vessels lymphatic vessels + form entire capillary walls

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32
Q

function of simple squamous

A

filtration and diffusion

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33
Q

in the kidney, simple squamous functions to__ and __

A

diffusion (loop of Henle) and filtration (Bowmans capsule)

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34
Q

in the lungs, alveoli are formed of simple squamous to allow for ___

A

diffusion of respiratory gases

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35
Q

location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Thyroid gland, kidney tubules, ducts of many glands

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36
Q

function of simple cuboidal

A

secretion and absoption

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37
Q

where is nucleus at simple cuboidal

A

center

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38
Q

where is nucleus at simple columnar

A

near base

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39
Q

location of simple columnar

A

Small / large intestines
Stomach
Various glands

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40
Q

function of simple columnar

A

secretion + absorption
Has goblet cells = produce mucus (lubricant / protective barrier)

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41
Q

what is the falsely stratified epithelium called

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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42
Q

why is pseudostratified false

A

All cells contact basement membrane

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43
Q

what does pseudostratified contain that the others don’t have

A

cilia and goblet cells

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44
Q

cilia function

A

(beat dirt ball so it doesn’t go down lungs)

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45
Q

goblet cells function

A

(produce mucus to trap inhaled foreign particles)

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46
Q

location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Upper respiratory tract
-Lines nasal cavities, trachea, bronchi (respiratory passages)

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47
Q

function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

secretion and protection

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48
Q

stratified squamous epithelia function

A

Thickness = protect body against mechanical stress and undergo mitosis for replacement cells

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49
Q

cells above basal cells in stratified squamous are __

A

polygonal shape

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50
Q

keratinized function

A

Protects epithelium + underlying tissues from heat, microbes, chemicals

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51
Q

non keratinized forms moist linings of

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina, anus

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52
Q

keratinized is __ skin

A

Dry skin nd dead

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53
Q

non keratinized appearance and function

A

lots of cell layers
Flat
Has nuclei
Protect from absorption

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54
Q

difference between keratinized and non keratinized

A

keratin filled cells + organelles die

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55
Q

transitional epithelium location

A

Linings of urinary bladder
Ureters
Upper portion of urethra

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56
Q

function of transitional epithelium

A

accommodate pressure changes, without rupturing organ

57
Q

glandular epithelia location

A

beneath covering epithelia as single cells / clusters of cells

58
Q

glandular epithelia function

A

secretion + produce substances into ducts that open onto surfaces (exocrine glands; cells move materials from within cells)
- Secret substances into fluids (endocrine glands)

59
Q

what is exocrine gland

A

Single epithelial cell (unicellular gland)
May also be multicellular + diff structures

60
Q

2 types of exocrine gland stuctures

A

Simple (unbranched) duct

Compound (branched) duct w/ secretory portion being tubular + acinar

61
Q

what is merocrine (eccrine glands) and examples

A

glands that release fluid
products by exocytosis

Ex: salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreatic glands

no damaged to cells to get secretion out

62
Q

glands that pinch off portion of cell as part of secretion
Top half is damaged

A

apocrine glands

63
Q

example of apocrine glands

A

mammary glands

64
Q

what is holocrine glands

A

when whole cells filled w/ secretion are released
E
x: sebaceous glands of the skin

The whole thing is damaged

65
Q

process used when glands release fluid products

A

exocytosis

66
Q

exocytosis and endocytosis differences

A

Endocytosis is the transport into the cell and exocytosis is the transport out of the cell.

67
Q

3 types of exocrine glands

A

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine

68
Q

3 structural features common to all connective tissue?

A

cells, protein fibers, ground substance

69
Q

connective tissue function

A

mechanical binding + support
Circulation of body fluids
Insulation
Storage of food reserves
Process of inflammation

70
Q

what is extracellular matrix made of

A

protein and ground

71
Q

vascularized and avascularized meaning

A

vascularized - rich blood supply and avascularized is poor

72
Q

what is vascularized in body

A

body

73
Q

what is avascularized in connective tissue

A

cartilage and dense connective tissue

74
Q

Ground Substance components:

A

GAG (glycosaminoglycans)
-Chondroitin sulfate + hyaluronic acid
-Proteoglycan
-Adhesive glycoproteins

75
Q

3 fibers of connective tissue types

A

collagen, elastic, reticualr fibers

76
Q

4 types of connective tissue proper

A

areolar, adipose, reticular, dense regular

77
Q

2 types of supporting connective tissue

A

cartilage and bone

78
Q

cell names ending in blasts are

A

immature cells, secrete matrix, actively mitosis

79
Q

where is fibroblast found

A

connective tissue

80
Q

where is chondroblast

A

in cartilage

81
Q

where is osteoblasts found

A

bone

82
Q

ending cytes meaning

A

mature cells, maintaining matrix, less active

83
Q

areolar CT function

A

-Attach skin to underlying tissue
-Fill spaces b/w various organs + hold them in place
-Surround & support blood vessels

84
Q

areolar CT location

A

under epidermis (outer layer of skin)

85
Q

Collagen fibers

A

tough + provide strength to matrix (thick + light Color)

86
Q

elastic fibers

A

elasticity + stretch + recoil (thin + stained darker)

87
Q

3 cell types in areolar

A
  1. fibroblast
  2. mast cell
  3. macrophages
88
Q

fibroblast

A

actively mitosis cell that secretes ground substance + fibers
- Produce and secrete matrix components

89
Q

mast cell

A

has coarse, dark staining granules in cytoplasm
Secrete histamine + heparin

90
Q

macrophage

A

large, arise from wbc
-Engulf + destroy bacteria or foreign particles

91
Q

RETICULAR CT function

A

forms internal framework

92
Q

reticular location

A

Spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, blood vessels, nerves

93
Q

cells present in Reticular CT

A

Fibroblast (reticular cells), wbc, macrophages

94
Q

reticular fibers

A

short, thin, branched networks of collagen- like fibers

95
Q

adipose CT (rock) function

A

1.Synthesis + lipid storage
2.Protection
3.shock absorber
4. Forms insulating layer for body temp regulation

96
Q

adipose CT location

A

Under skin, around kidneys, heart, eyeballs. Within abdomen + breasts

97
Q

what is adipose characterized by

A

large lipid droplet that swell the cell so the cytoplasm becomes thin + nucleus is displaced to the edge of cell

98
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue location

A

Skin dermis
Kidney, muscles, bones, nerves

99
Q

dense regular ct function

A

forms fibrous coverings

100
Q

dense regular difference b/w areolar, reticular, adipose

A

fewer cells + less ground substance

101
Q

2 ty[es of dense regular ct

A

regular (parallel pattern)
irregular (thicker + run several directions)

102
Q

dense regular is composed of

A

tendons and ligaments

103
Q

what is tendons attach to

A

muscle to bone

104
Q

what is ligaments attached to

A

attached bone to bone

105
Q

cartilage function

A

rigidity + flexibility

106
Q

cartilage receive __ from __ in

A

nutrients, blood vessels, perichondrium

107
Q

location of cartilage

A

where two bones meet and at the ends of all your bones that form joints (elbows, knees, ankles)

108
Q

bone and cartilage difference

A

Bones are the hard, inelastic and tough organ that forms part of the vertebral skeleton.

Cartilage is a soft, elastic and flexible connective tissue that protects the bone from rubbing against each other.

109
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

110
Q

dense CT that surrounds cartilage

A

perichondrium

111
Q

the outer layer of perichondrium consist of and arranged in

A

layer of collagen fibers

Arranged in irregular interwoven pattern

112
Q

inner layer of perichondrium is where ___

A

where collagen fibers merge with ground substance

113
Q

inner layer is where __ are formed

A

chondroblasts (produce matrix)

114
Q

a cyte found in the inner layer of perichondrium

A

chondrocytes ( mature cartilage cells founds in lacunae)

115
Q

lacuna

A

an unfilled space

116
Q

what is matrix in hyaline cartilage

A

gel liek that has collagen fibers

117
Q

hyaline cartilage location

A

Articular surfaces of bones
Ends of ribs
Nasal septum, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Long bones (reduce friction)

118
Q

hyaline cartilage function

A

helps your bones move smoothly past each other in your joints.

119
Q

elastic cartilage is characterized by

A

elastic fibers

120
Q

elastic cartilage function

A

support and flexibility

121
Q

elastic cartilage location

A

external ear (pinnacle)
epiglottis
wall of auditory (eustachian) tube

122
Q

how does fibrocartilage differ from hyaline and elastic

A

less organized and lacks perichondrium

123
Q

fibrocartilage location

A

B/w vertebrae + knee menisci b/w tibia + femur

124
Q

fibrocartilage function

A

support + withstand heavy pressure

125
Q

fibrocartilage forms what

A

(vertebral discs) + pubic symposia (joint b/w pubic bones of pelvis)

126
Q

bone function

A

support and proctection

127
Q

what does bone provide and store

A

Provide cavities for fat storage + blood cells synthesis

Storehouse for minerals, Ca, P

128
Q

2 basic types of bone

A

spongy (cancellous) and compact

129
Q

where is spongy bone found and consists of

A

-found internally
-Consists of framework of trabeculae (columns of bones)

130
Q

where is compact found and composed of

A

found externally and composed of osteons / Haversian systems

131
Q

what is osteons

A

solid sheet of bone tissue into structural units

132
Q

what is osteocytes and where is it found

A

mature bone cells found in lacunae (spaces) b/w lamellae

133
Q

osteocytes function

A

Contain nutrients + remove wastes via cytoplasmic extensions that occupy canaliculi

134
Q

canaliculi

A

networks of small canals that radiate from each other lacunae
- Remove wastes

135
Q

Periosteum

A

where blood vessels are located

136
Q

Matrix bone

A

hard + rigid b/c of inorganic mineral salts ( Ca + P)

137
Q

characteristic of bones in acid

A

removes inorganic component (Ca + P)- inorganic, mineral, salt

Loses hardness,
Keeps flexibility

138
Q

characteristic of bone in organic

A
139
Q

characteristic of bone when baked

A

denatures organic (collagen)
Brittle, parts flake off
Loses flexibility

LAB (12 decks)

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