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LAB > Lab 10: Joints and Muscular System > Flashcards

Lab 10: Joints and Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

what movement is it when u hold your hand straight out from the shoulder an move your hand in circle

A

circumduction

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2
Q

stand w your hands at side, palms toward midline, turn palm forward. which movement is this

A

supination

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3
Q

sit at edge of chair with legs straight in front of you, heels on floor, turn soles of feet away from each other, what movement is this

A

eversion

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4
Q

bend your arm so your fingers touch your shoulder, what type of movement is occuring at elbow

A

flexion

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5
Q

stand w feet tgt and move right leg away from left leg using hip joint, what movement is this

A

abduction

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6
Q

define abduction

A

movement of limb or other body part away from medial line

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7
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb or other body part toward medial line

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8
Q

flexion meaning

A

bending movement that decreases angle between articulating bones (caused by the contraction of a flexor muscle)

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9
Q

dorsiflexion meaning

A

toes point upward (standing on heels)

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10
Q

plantar flexion meaning

A

toes point downward (tiptoe)

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11
Q

extension meaning

A

bending movement that increases angle between articulating bones; straightening or extending a limb (caused by contraction of an extensor muscle)

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12
Q

hyperextension meaning

A

continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

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13
Q

rotation meaning

A

movement of bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral displacement of the body part

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14
Q

circumduction meaning

A

movement in which one end of a limb remains stationary while distal end of limb moves in circle

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15
Q

pronation meaning

A

movement of the hand from a palm up to a palm down. this can also refer to movements that place body in a face down position

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16
Q

supination meaning

A

movement of hand from palm down to palm up

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17
Q

eversion meaning

A

soles turned outward

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18
Q

inversion

A

soles turned inward

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19
Q

function of synovial fluid

A

thick liquid b/w joints
=reduce friction
=cushion

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20
Q

function of ligaments surrounding the joint

A

serves to hold structures tgt and keep them stable

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21
Q

bursitis meaning

A

inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sac)

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22
Q

tendonitis meaning

A

inflammation of thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone (tendons)

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23
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of one or more joints

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24
Q

masseter O,I, FUNCTION

A

O = zygomatic arch
I = lateral surface of mandible
F = elevates mandible as in closing jaw

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25
Q

sternocleidomastoid O,I,F

A

O = manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle
I = mastoid process of temporal bone
F = both muscles tgt flex neck & rotates head toward shoulder

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26
Q

pectoralis major O,I,F

A

O = clavicle, sternum
I = humerus
F = flexes the arm at shoulder joint

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27
Q

Deltoid O,I,F

A

O = acromion process and scapulas spine
I = deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F = abducts arm

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28
Q

latissimus dorsi O,I,F

A

O = lower ribs & iliac crest
I = Humerus
F = extends arm at shoulder joint

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29
Q

triceps brachii IOF

A

O = SCAPULA
I = OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA
F = EXTENDS FOREARM

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30
Q

Biceps brachii IOF

A

O = SCAPULA
I = RADIAL TUBEROSITY
F = flexes forearm

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31
Q

brachioradialis IOF

A

O= LATERAL BORDER OF DISTAL HUMERUS
I = BASE OF STYLOID PROCESS OF RADIUS
F = FLEXES FOREARM

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32
Q

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS IOF

A

O = OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA
I = CARPALS
F = FLEXES HAND

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33
Q

EXTERNSOR CARPI ULNARIS IOF

A

O = LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS
I = BASE OF METACARPAL V
F = EXTENDS HAND

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34
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINUS IOF

A

O = PUBIC CREST
I = XIPHOID PROCESS OF STERNUM
F = FLEXES VERTEBRAL COLUMN

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35
Q

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS IOF

A

O = SACRUM
I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMUR
F = EXTENDS THIGH AT HIP

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36
Q

ADDUCTOR LONGUS IOF

A

O = PUBIS
I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMUR
F = FLEXES THIGH AT HIP

37
Q

RECTUS FEMORIS IOF

A

O = ILIUM SPINE
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG

38
Q

VASTUS LATERALIS IOF

A

O = POSTERIOR FEMUR
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG

39
Q

VASTUS MEDIALIS IOF

A

O = MEDIAL SURFACE OF FEMUR
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDES LOWER LEG

40
Q

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS IOF

A

O = LATERAL AND ANTERIOR FEMUR SURFACE
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG

41
Q

BICEPS FEMORIS

A

O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
I = HEAD OF FIBULA
F = EXTENDS THIGH AND LATERALLY ROTATES LEG

42
Q

SEMITENDINOSUS

A

O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
I = MEDUAL SURFACE OF TIBIA
F = FLEXES LOWER LEG

43
Q

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

A

O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
I = MEDIAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA
F = EXTENDS THIGH

44
Q

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

A

O = LATERAL SURFACE OF TIBIA
I = TARSAL BONE
F = INVERTS FOOT

45
Q

GASTROCNEMIUS

A

O =LATERAL CONDYLES OF FEMUR
I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF CALCANEUS
F = FLEXES LOWER LEG

46
Q

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

A

O = LATERAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA
I = MIDDLE AND DISTAL PHALANGES OF TOES
F =EXTENDS TOES

47
Q

Joints / articulations meaning

A

where bones attached to one another

48
Q

3 divisions of joints

A

Synarthroses (immovable)
Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
Diarthroses (freely movable)

49
Q

3 types of joint structure

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial joints

50
Q

is fibrous immovable or movable

A

(synarthroses / immovable)

51
Q

describe sutures of fibrous joints and example

A

bones held close tgt by connective tissue
Immovable

ex: joint found b/w cranial and facial bones of skull

52
Q

describe syndesmosis of fibrous joints and examples

A

united by band of dense c.t
Amount of movement: depends on length of connecting fibers

ex: joint found @ distal articulation b/w tibia and fibula (synarthroses)

53
Q

is cartilaginous movable or slightly

A

(amphiarthroses / slightly movable)

54
Q

2 types of cartilagenous bones

A

Synchondroses
Symphyses

55
Q

describe Synchondroses

A

articulating bones connected by hyaline cartilage
Synarthrosis (immovable)

56
Q

describe Symphyses

A

articulating bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
Amphiarthrosis

57
Q

what type of movable is synovial joint

A

diarthroses / freely movable

58
Q

4 things movements is limited by synovial joints

A

Ligaments
Muscles
Tendons
Adjoining bones

59
Q

Articular cartilage (hyaline) function

A

covers surface of articulating bones

60
Q

Articular capsule function

A

encloses joint cavity

61
Q

2 types of articular capsule

A

Fibrous capsule = outer layer
Synovial membrane = inner layer

62
Q

Synovial fluid function

A

Fills synovial cavity
Lubricates joint
Provides nourishment for articular cartilage

63
Q

refer to notes for 6 types of synovial joints

A

yup

64
Q

most unstable joint is

A

Shoulder joint

65
Q

4 function of shoulder joints

A

Flexion + hyperextension + extension
Abduction + adduction
Medial + lateral rotation
Circumduction

66
Q

“Superstabilizer” tendon of biceps function

A

secures head of humerus against glenoid cavity

67
Q

Coracohumeral ligament is what

A

thickening of superior part of articular capsule (b/w coracoid process of scapula + humeral head)

68
Q

Glenohumeral ligaments

A

3 thickenings of anterior part of articular capsule

69
Q

Coracoacromial ligament = extends b/w what

A

coracoid process and acromion

70
Q

Synovial planar joint is between

A

b/w lateral end of clavicle and acromion process of scapular

71
Q

Acromioclavicular ligament extends b/w

A

b/w clavicle and acromion process

72
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament binds__

A

binds clavicle to coracoid process of scapula

73
Q

Bursae (4)

A

flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial mem and has synovial fluid

74
Q

knee joint movement is limited (3)

A

Movement limited to
Extension
Flexon
roation

75
Q

Menisci is atached to what

A

attached to outer margins and become damaged during injuries

76
Q

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments provide

A

provide stability

77
Q

Formed by articulation of spherical head of femur
is

A

Hip (Coxal) Joint

78
Q

3 ligaments of hip joint

A

Iliofemoral (v shaped interiorly)
Pubofemoral (triangle in the inner part)
Ischiofemoral (spiraling posteriorly)

79
Q

Ligamentum teres is

A

ligament concealed inside joint and has vessel that supply head of femur

80
Q

3 types of muscular system and function

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Function: movement

81
Q

describe skeletal’s ends, nucleus. striations

A

Ends: blunt
Nucleus: multiple
Striations: visible

82
Q

Synapse

A

site of communication b/w neuron and muscle cell

83
Q

Synaptic end bulbs

A

cluster of structures that has
Synaptic vesicles (w/ acetylcholine)
Membrane enclosed sacs

84
Q

Origin meaning

A

bony site of attachment of a muscle @ the relatively stationary end of a bone

85
Q

insertion is what

A

attachment site on the bone which moves

86
Q

Agonist

A

muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for producing a particular action

87
Q

Antagonist is what

A

muscle that stretches and yields to action of a prime mover

88
Q

fixator meaning

A

stabilize the origin of the prime mover so it acts efficiently

89
Q

Synergist

A

contact at same time as prime mover, they help to do an action

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