Lab 10: Joints and Muscular System Flashcards
what movement is it when u hold your hand straight out from the shoulder an move your hand in circle
circumduction
stand w your hands at side, palms toward midline, turn palm forward. which movement is this
supination
sit at edge of chair with legs straight in front of you, heels on floor, turn soles of feet away from each other, what movement is this
eversion
bend your arm so your fingers touch your shoulder, what type of movement is occuring at elbow
flexion
stand w feet tgt and move right leg away from left leg using hip joint, what movement is this
abduction
define abduction
movement of limb or other body part away from medial line
adduction
movement of a limb or other body part toward medial line
flexion meaning
bending movement that decreases angle between articulating bones (caused by the contraction of a flexor muscle)
dorsiflexion meaning
toes point upward (standing on heels)
plantar flexion meaning
toes point downward (tiptoe)
extension meaning
bending movement that increases angle between articulating bones; straightening or extending a limb (caused by contraction of an extensor muscle)
hyperextension meaning
continuation of extension beyond anatomical position
rotation meaning
movement of bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral displacement of the body part
circumduction meaning
movement in which one end of a limb remains stationary while distal end of limb moves in circle
pronation meaning
movement of the hand from a palm up to a palm down. this can also refer to movements that place body in a face down position
supination meaning
movement of hand from palm down to palm up
eversion meaning
soles turned outward
inversion
soles turned inward
function of synovial fluid
thick liquid b/w joints
=reduce friction
=cushion
function of ligaments surrounding the joint
serves to hold structures tgt and keep them stable
bursitis meaning
inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sac)
tendonitis meaning
inflammation of thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone (tendons)
arthritis
inflammation of one or more joints
masseter O,I, FUNCTION
O = zygomatic arch
I = lateral surface of mandible
F = elevates mandible as in closing jaw
sternocleidomastoid O,I,F
O = manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle
I = mastoid process of temporal bone
F = both muscles tgt flex neck & rotates head toward shoulder
pectoralis major O,I,F
O = clavicle, sternum
I = humerus
F = flexes the arm at shoulder joint
Deltoid O,I,F
O = acromion process and scapulas spine
I = deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F = abducts arm
latissimus dorsi O,I,F
O = lower ribs & iliac crest
I = Humerus
F = extends arm at shoulder joint
triceps brachii IOF
O = SCAPULA
I = OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA
F = EXTENDS FOREARM
Biceps brachii IOF
O = SCAPULA
I = RADIAL TUBEROSITY
F = flexes forearm
brachioradialis IOF
O= LATERAL BORDER OF DISTAL HUMERUS
I = BASE OF STYLOID PROCESS OF RADIUS
F = FLEXES FOREARM
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS IOF
O = OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA
I = CARPALS
F = FLEXES HAND
EXTERNSOR CARPI ULNARIS IOF
O = LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS
I = BASE OF METACARPAL V
F = EXTENDS HAND
RECTUS ABDOMINUS IOF
O = PUBIC CREST
I = XIPHOID PROCESS OF STERNUM
F = FLEXES VERTEBRAL COLUMN
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS IOF
O = SACRUM
I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMUR
F = EXTENDS THIGH AT HIP
ADDUCTOR LONGUS IOF
O = PUBIS
I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMUR
F = FLEXES THIGH AT HIP
RECTUS FEMORIS IOF
O = ILIUM SPINE
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG
VASTUS LATERALIS IOF
O = POSTERIOR FEMUR
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG
VASTUS MEDIALIS IOF
O = MEDIAL SURFACE OF FEMUR
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDES LOWER LEG
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS IOF
O = LATERAL AND ANTERIOR FEMUR SURFACE
I = PATELLA
F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG
BICEPS FEMORIS
O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
I = HEAD OF FIBULA
F = EXTENDS THIGH AND LATERALLY ROTATES LEG
SEMITENDINOSUS
O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
I = MEDUAL SURFACE OF TIBIA
F = FLEXES LOWER LEG
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
I = MEDIAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA
F = EXTENDS THIGH
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
O = LATERAL SURFACE OF TIBIA
I = TARSAL BONE
F = INVERTS FOOT
GASTROCNEMIUS
O =LATERAL CONDYLES OF FEMUR
I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF CALCANEUS
F = FLEXES LOWER LEG
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
O = LATERAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA
I = MIDDLE AND DISTAL PHALANGES OF TOES
F =EXTENDS TOES
Joints / articulations meaning
where bones attached to one another
3 divisions of joints
Synarthroses (immovable)
Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
Diarthroses (freely movable)
3 types of joint structure
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial joints
is fibrous immovable or movable
(synarthroses / immovable)
describe sutures of fibrous joints and example
bones held close tgt by connective tissue
Immovable
ex: joint found b/w cranial and facial bones of skull
describe syndesmosis of fibrous joints and examples
united by band of dense c.t
Amount of movement: depends on length of connecting fibers
ex: joint found @ distal articulation b/w tibia and fibula (synarthroses)
is cartilaginous movable or slightly
(amphiarthroses / slightly movable)
2 types of cartilagenous bones
Synchondroses
Symphyses
describe Synchondroses
articulating bones connected by hyaline cartilage
Synarthrosis (immovable)
describe Symphyses
articulating bones are connected by hyaline cartilage
Amphiarthrosis
what type of movable is synovial joint
diarthroses / freely movable
4 things movements is limited by synovial joints
Ligaments
Muscles
Tendons
Adjoining bones
Articular cartilage (hyaline) function
covers surface of articulating bones
Articular capsule function
encloses joint cavity
2 types of articular capsule
Fibrous capsule = outer layer
Synovial membrane = inner layer
Synovial fluid function
Fills synovial cavity
Lubricates joint
Provides nourishment for articular cartilage
refer to notes for 6 types of synovial joints
yup
most unstable joint is
Shoulder joint
4 function of shoulder joints
Flexion + hyperextension + extension
Abduction + adduction
Medial + lateral rotation
Circumduction
“Superstabilizer” tendon of biceps function
secures head of humerus against glenoid cavity
Coracohumeral ligament is what
thickening of superior part of articular capsule (b/w coracoid process of scapula + humeral head)
Glenohumeral ligaments
3 thickenings of anterior part of articular capsule
Coracoacromial ligament = extends b/w what
coracoid process and acromion
Synovial planar joint is between
b/w lateral end of clavicle and acromion process of scapular
Acromioclavicular ligament extends b/w
b/w clavicle and acromion process
Coracoclavicular ligament binds__
binds clavicle to coracoid process of scapula
Bursae (4)
flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial mem and has synovial fluid
knee joint movement is limited (3)
Movement limited to
Extension
Flexon
roation
Menisci is atached to what
attached to outer margins and become damaged during injuries
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments provide
provide stability
Formed by articulation of spherical head of femur
is
Hip (Coxal) Joint
3 ligaments of hip joint
Iliofemoral (v shaped interiorly)
Pubofemoral (triangle in the inner part)
Ischiofemoral (spiraling posteriorly)
Ligamentum teres is
ligament concealed inside joint and has vessel that supply head of femur
3 types of muscular system and function
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Function: movement
describe skeletal’s ends, nucleus. striations
Ends: blunt
Nucleus: multiple
Striations: visible
Synapse
site of communication b/w neuron and muscle cell
Synaptic end bulbs
cluster of structures that has
Synaptic vesicles (w/ acetylcholine)
Membrane enclosed sacs
Origin meaning
bony site of attachment of a muscle @ the relatively stationary end of a bone
insertion is what
attachment site on the bone which moves
Agonist
muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for producing a particular action
Antagonist is what
muscle that stretches and yields to action of a prime mover
fixator meaning
stabilize the origin of the prime mover so it acts efficiently
Synergist
contact at same time as prime mover, they help to do an action
