Lab 13: Circulatory II & Respiratory Flashcards
respiratory function
gas exchange
circulatory transports __
transports blood w/ gasses b/w lungs and body cells
Blood pressure meaning
basis for maintaining functional and stable movement of blood from heart to body
Pressure depends on:
4 things
Blood volume
Blood vessel size
Blood flow rate
Resistance of blood flow
Cardiovascular center
location
medulla oblongata where it receives sensory receptors + higher brain centers
3 receptors in cardiovascular center
Proprioceptors
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Sympathetic cardiac
releases what
norepinephrine + epinephrine (dilate; increase blood flow)
what happens to rate and contractions of sympathetic cardiac
increase
what does Parasympathetic cardiac
release
acetylcholine
(specialized cardiac muscle cells) is called
Autorhythmic fibers
2 functions of electrical activity of heart
=Depolarize + act as pacemakers
=Form cardiac conduction system (provide pathway for electrical activity)
*refer to notes for cardiac excitation process
notes
Atrioventricular (AV) node
location and function
lower interatrial septum
relays impulse from atria to ventricles
AV bundle of his function
carry electrical signals from the AV node to the bundle branches.
purkinje fibers function and location
Located: in the inner ventricular walls of the heart,
= specialized myocardial fibers that conduct an electrical impulse that enables the heart to contract in a coordinated fashion
Electrocardiography function
Measurement and analysis of heart activity (diagnosis of cardiac function)
The recording of the electrical changes of the heart is called
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
what is a Lead
The arrangement of 2 electrodes
negative terminal of ECG is located where
right arm
what do waves detect
detects myocardial infarcts (regions of dead myocardial tissue that do not depolarize)
P wave
Upward (positive) deflection
Associated with atrial depolarization
QRS
=Series of negative and positive deflection
=Associated w/ ventricular depolarization
=Repolarization of atria takes place and is obscured by ventricular changes
ventricular repolarization is positive or negative
Positive deflection following QRS
T wave
Positive deflection following QRS = ventricular repolarization
Longer duration and lower amplitude than QRS
is ventricular repolarization faster or slower
slower and less synchronized
what does it mean when u see an Inverted T wave (negative)
abnormal
pulse meaning
Alternating surges of pressure (Expansion and recoil) in artery that occur with contraction and relaxation of LV
what is the avrg normal pulse
70-76
Blood pressure is known as
arterial blood pressure
Systole
contracted state
Diastole
relaxed state
Sphygmomanometer =
= measure arterial blood pressure
Systolic pressure
maximum pressure in arteries during ventricular contraction (systole)
Diastolic pressure =
minimum pressure in arteries during ventricular relaxation (diastole)
Valsalva maneuver
increases intrathoracic pressure (used to see the effect of thoracic pressure changes on venous blood pressure)
Lateral walls have 3 bony projections, what are they
Superior
Middle
Inferior nasal conchae
soft and hard palate differences
soft doesnt have bone
Nasopharynx location
above and behind soft palate
Oropharynx location
posterior to mouth
laryngopharynx location
posterior to larynx
Epiglottis
flap that extends diagonally over entrance to larynx
what is the adams apple
Thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple)
Pleural membrane function
facilitates free movement of lungs
Parietal pleura lines _
thoracic wall
visceral pleura covers what
outer surface of each lung
Pleural cavity
between parietal and visceral (has pleural fluid for lubrication)
Perichondrium
layer of dense irregular connective tissue on either side of cartilage
Chondrocytes
mature cartilage cells situated in lacunae (holes) within intercellular matrix
Spirometer
measures lung volumes and capacities
Tidal volume (TV)
volume of air with each normal quiet respiration
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
= volume of air that can be expired after a normal expiration
Vital Capacity (VC)
maximum amount of air that can be moved into / out of lungs from maximal inspiration to maximal expiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
volume of air inhaled after a normal inspiration
IRV EQUATION
IRV = VC - (ERV+ TV)
Pulmonary ventilation brings what
brings oxygen to alveoli of lungs and removes CO2
Function of blood
transport of respiratory gasses b/w tissues and lungs
2 ways O2 is carried
Hemoglobin (majority)
Blood plasma (the rest is dissolved here
Respiratory centers controls what
respiration
Central chemoreceptors (@ medulla) respond to what
respond to increase in pCO2 and H+ ions of cerebrospinal fluid
Peripheral chemoreceptors (@ aortic arch) respond to what
response to increase pCO2 and H+ , decreases in pO2
Nerve impulses from chemoreceptors stimulates what
respiratory centers in brain so rate and depth of breathing increases
