Lab #4 - Study Guide Flashcards
Diaphysis
or shaft; smooth surface; which is composed of compact bone
Epiphysis
the end of the bone; composed of thing layer of compact bone that encloses spongy bone
Epiphyseal Plate
a thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudial growth of the bone during youth
Epiphyseal Line
once the long bone has stopped growing; the plate is replaced with bone and appear as thin; barely discernible remants
Metaphysis
regions between the diaphysis and epiphysis. In a growing bone; each metaphysis contains a epiphyseal plate (growth)
Articular Cartilage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone. Reduces friction and absorvs shock
Periosteum
fibrous membrane covering composed of dense irregular connective tissue and in inner osteogenic layer that consists of cells. Could help bone grow in thickess
Endosteum
thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. Contains single layer of bone-forming cells and a small amount of connctive tissue
Medullary Cavity
hollow; cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yello bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults
Compact Bone
The compact noncancellous portion of bone that consists largely of concentric lamellar osteons and interstitial lamellae. Also called compact substance
Spongy Bone
Bone in which the spicules form a latticework; with interstices filled with embryonic connective tissue or bone marrow. Also called cancellous bone ; spongy substance ; trabecular bone.
Sharpey’s fibers
fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone
Periosteum
fibrous membrane covering
Outer (circumferential) lamellae
circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter; surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal
Osteon (Haversian System)
compact bone is made up of these; repeating structural units. Each osteon consists of concentric lamellae
Central canal of Ostean
runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels; nerves; and lymphatic vessels through the bony matrix.
Perforating Canal (Volkmann’s)
run at right angles to the shaft and complete the communication pathway between the bone interior and its external surface
Osteocytes
mature bone cells; are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain daily metabolism. Do not undergo cell division
Lacuna (Lacunae)
small spaces between the concentric lamellae that contain osteocytes
Endosteum
lines the shaft; covers the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canal of compact bone
Trabeculae
gives spongy bone a spiky; open work apprearance; that compose the spongy bone. Line columns arranged in an irregular pattern forming the lamellae
Periosteal arteries
small arteries accompianied by nerves; enter the diaphysis through many periforating canals and supply the periosteum and outer part of the compact bone
Nutrient Artery
near center of diaphysis; passes through a hole in the compact bone; called the nutrient foreman
Nutrient Foreman
hole in the compact bone; allows the nutrient artery to pass through
Metaphyseal Arteries
enter the metphyses of a long bone and together; with the nutrient artery; supple the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses
Epiphyseal Arteries
enter the epiphyses of a long bone and supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the epiphyses
Nutrient Veins
carry blood away; accompany the nutrient artery and exit the diaphysis
Epiphyseal veins
carry blood away; accompany epiphyseal arterties
Metaphyseal veins
carry blood away; accompany metaphyseal arteries
Periosteal veins
carry blood away; accompany periosteal arteries
