Lab #4 - Study Guide

Question 1

Diaphysis

Answer 1

or shaft; smooth surface; which is composed of compact bone

Question 2

Epiphysis

Answer 2

the end of the bone; composed of thing layer of compact bone that encloses spongy bone

Question 3

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 3

a thin area of hyaline cartilage that provides for longitudial growth of the bone during youth

Question 4

Epiphyseal Line

Answer 4

once the long bone has stopped growing; the plate is replaced with bone and appear as thin; barely discernible remants

Question 5

Metaphysis

Answer 5

regions between the diaphysis and epiphysis. In a growing bone; each metaphysis contains a epiphyseal plate (growth)

Question 6

Articular Cartilage

Answer 6

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone. Reduces friction and absorvs shock

Question 7

Periosteum

Answer 7

fibrous membrane covering composed of dense irregular connective tissue and in inner osteogenic layer that consists of cells. Could help bone grow in thickess

Question 8

Endosteum

Answer 8

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity. Contains single layer of bone-forming cells and a small amount of connctive tissue

Question 9

Medullary Cavity

Answer 9

hollow; cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yello bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults

Question 10

Compact Bone

Answer 10

The compact noncancellous portion of bone that consists largely of concentric lamellar osteons and interstitial lamellae. Also called compact substance

Question 11

Spongy Bone

Answer 11

Bone in which the spicules form a latticework; with interstices filled with embryonic connective tissue or bone marrow. Also called cancellous bone ; spongy substance ; trabecular bone.

Question 12

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 12

fibers of the periosteum that penetrate into the bone

Question 13

Periosteum

Answer 13

fibrous membrane covering

Question 14

Outer (circumferential) lamellae

Answer 14

circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter; surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal

Question 15

Osteon (Haversian System)

Answer 15

compact bone is made up of these; repeating structural units. Each osteon consists of concentric lamellae

Question 16

Central canal of Ostean

Answer 16

runs parallel to the long axis of the bone and carries blood vessels; nerves; and lymphatic vessels through the bony matrix.

Question 17

Perforating Canal (Volkmann’s)

Answer 17

run at right angles to the shaft and complete the communication pathway between the bone interior and its external surface

Question 18

Osteocytes

Answer 18

mature bone cells; are the main cells in bone tissue and maintain daily metabolism. Do not undergo cell division

Question 19

Lacuna (Lacunae)

Answer 19

small spaces between the concentric lamellae that contain osteocytes

Question 20

Endosteum

Answer 20

lines the shaft; covers the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canal of compact bone

Question 21

Trabeculae

Answer 21

gives spongy bone a spiky; open work apprearance; that compose the spongy bone. Line columns arranged in an irregular pattern forming the lamellae

Question 22

Periosteal arteries

Answer 22

small arteries accompianied by nerves; enter the diaphysis through many periforating canals and supply the periosteum and outer part of the compact bone

Question 23

Nutrient Artery

Answer 23

near center of diaphysis; passes through a hole in the compact bone; called the nutrient foreman

Question 24

Nutrient Foreman

Answer 24

hole in the compact bone; allows the nutrient artery to pass through

Question 25

Metaphyseal Arteries

Answer 25

enter the metphyses of a long bone and together; with the nutrient artery; supple the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses

Question 26

Epiphyseal Arteries

Answer 26

enter the epiphyses of a long bone and supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the epiphyses

Question 27

Nutrient Veins

Answer 27

carry blood away; accompany the nutrient artery and exit the diaphysis

Question 28

Epiphyseal veins

Answer 28

carry blood away; accompany epiphyseal arterties

Question 29

Metaphyseal veins

Answer 29

carry blood away; accompany metaphyseal arteries

Question 30

Periosteal veins

Answer 30

carry blood away; accompany periosteal arteries