Bone Tissues Flashcards
What are the general tisses of the bone?
- Bone (osseous) tissue; 2. Dense connective tissue; 3. Epithelium; 4. Adipose tissue; 5. Nervous tissue
Why is a bone considered an organ?
Because it is made up of multiple tissues
What are the componenets of the skeletal system?
Bones; cartilage; ligaments; tendons
Osteology
the study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders.
What are the basic functions of the bone and the skeletal system?
- Support (structural framework of the body. Supports soft tissue and points of attachments for tendons). 2. Protection (protection of internal organs-pelvis/ribs; spine; skull) 3. Assistance in movement (provide a surface for muscular attachment; contraction of muscles will pull on bones to produce movement) 4. Mineral homeostasis (calcium & phosphorous storage) 5. Blood cell production (Red Marrow-Hematopoiesis) 6. Triglyceride storage (yellow marrow mainly adipose cells)
Macroscopic Structure of A Long Bone
- Diaphysis 2. Epiphysis 3. Metaphysis 4. Articular Cartilage 5. Periosteum 6. Medullary Cavity 7. Endosteum
Diaphysis
growing between; the shaft or body of the bone; main portion
Epiphyses
growing over; singular epiphysis; proximal and distal ends of the bone
Metaphysis
between; the region between the diaphysis and the epiphyses. In a growing bone will contain an epiphyseal plate (aka: growth plate) a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length. A bone ceases to grow in length at about ages 14-24; hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone. The resulting bony structure is known as the epiphyseal line
Articular Cartilage
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation joint with another bone.
Articular Cartilage Functions
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation joint with another bone.
Articular Cartilage Complication
lacks a perichondrium and blood vessel supply; any damage will have limited repair
Periosteum
tough; connective tissue sheath and its associated blood supply; surrounds the bone surface whenever it is not covered by articular cartilage. Outer Fibrous layer: dense irregular connective tissue Inner Osteogenic Layer: cells;
Functions of Periosteum
- Contains some cells allow bone growth (thickness only; NOT length) 2. Protection of the bone 3. Assists in bone tissue repair 4. Provides nourishment of the bone tissue 5. Attachment point for ligaments & tendons
What are the attachments of the periosteum?
- Sharpey’s fibers (perforating fibers): thick bundles of collagen that extend from the periosteum into bone extracellular matrix. Function: attaches periosteum to underlying bone
Medullary Cavity
Hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adults.
Medullary Cavity function
Function: minimizes weight of the bone; by reducing the dense bony material where it is least needed. The design of the long bone provides maximum strength with minimum weight.
Endosteium
Within; thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
Endosteium Components
Within; thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
What is bone tissue made up of?
Crystallized mineral salts; collagen; water
What does the hardness of bone depend on?
crystallized inorganic mineral salts
What does the flexibility of a bone depend on?
depends on its collagen fibers & other organic molecules [gives tensile strength]
Tensile Strength
resistance to being stretched or torn apart
What are the four types of bone cells?
Osteoprogenitor cells; osteoblasts; osteocytes; and osteoclasts