Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 1 > Introduction to A&P > Flashcards

Introduction to A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Science of the body structure and their relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how the body parts work or their “function”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dissection

A

the careful cutting apart of body structures to study their functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Embryology

A

The study of the first 8 weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Development Biology

A

The study of complete development of an individual from fertilization to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Histology

A

The study of microscopic structures of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

The study of structures that can be seen without a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

The study of surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpation (gentle touch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Imaging Anatomy

A

The study of structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-ray, MRI, CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pathological Anatomy

A

The study of structural changes (gross and microscopic) associated with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

Study of the structure of specific systems, such as respiratory or nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Study of specific regions of the body (head, chest, abdomen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neurophysiology

A

The study of the functional properties of nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endocrinology

A

The study of hormonal (chemical messengers) responsible for control of body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Immunology

A

The study of the body’s defense against disease-causing agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exercise Physiology

A

The study of changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the six levels of structural organizations of the human body? (smallest to largest)

A

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, System, Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Integumentary System Components

A

Skin and associated structures such as hair and nails, sweat glands, oil glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Skeletal System Components

A

Bones, joints, cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Muscular System Components

A

Muscles, specifically skeletal muscle tissue (muscle tissue that attaches to bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nervous System Components

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs (eyes & ears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endocrine System Components

A

Hormone producing glands (pineal glands, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries & testes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cardiovascular System Components

A

Blood, heart, and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lymphatic System Components

A

Lymphatic fluid; lymph vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes & tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Respiratory System Components

A

Lungs and air passages, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Digestive System Components

A

Organs of the GI tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Urinary System Components

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Reproductive System Components

A

Gonads (testes in male; ovaries in females), associated organs, females: uterine tubes or fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, Males: epididymis, ductus or vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the non-invasive diagnostic techniques in patient assessment?

A

Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation, and Percussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Inspection

A

observation of the body for any deviation from normal (pulsating masses, lesions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Palpation

A

gently touching the body surface to detect any abnormalities (masses, tenderness, rigidity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to body sounds to evaluate the function of certain organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Percussion

A

tapping on the body surface with fingertips and listening to the resulting sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the important basic life processes that distinguish living things from non-living things?

A

Metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction

35
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical processes in the body

36
Q

Responsiveness

A

ability to detect and respond to change

37
Q

Movement

A

motion of the whole body, organs, single cells, or tiny structures w/ in cells

38
Q

Growth

A

increase in body size by increasing number of cells, size of cells or both

39
Q

Differentiation

A

stem cell development of a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state

40
Q

Reproduction

A

reproduction of both new cells and new organisms

41
Q

How is metabolism broken down? (hierarchical relationship)

A

catabolism and anabolism

42
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

43
Q

Anabolism

A

building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

44
Q

Homeostasis

A

a condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal system, due to the constant interaction of the body’s regulatory processes

45
Q

What type of “state” is homeostasis in?

A

dynamic

46
Q

Is homeostasis in an always changing environment?

A

Yes, always being disturbed, always changing

47
Q

How does the nervous system and endocrine system work together to correct an imbalance?

A

nervous system will provide immediate response by sending electrical impulses know as action potentials to organs to counteract this state and endocrine will be a slower response that produces hormones into the blood

48
Q

What is homeostasis regulated by?

A

Feedback loops

49
Q

Feedback system

A

A continuous cycle of events in which the body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, etc.

50
Q

Monitored Variables

A

Controlled conditions: body temperature, blood pressure, blood glucose level

51
Q

Stimulus

A

Any disruption that changes a controlled condition

52
Q

Afferent Pathway

A

Information flows from receptor toward the control center (A = Arrives)

53
Q

Efferent Pathway

A

Information flows away from the control center (E = Exit)

54
Q

Input

A

Nerve or chemical signal, sent from the receptor to the control center.

55
Q

Output

A

Nerve or chemical signal that is sent out from the control center to effectors

56
Q

What are the three basic components of a feedback system?

A

Receptor, Control Center, Effector

57
Q

Receptor

A

Body structure that monitors change and sends input to the control center

58
Q

Control Center

A

Sets the range of acceptable values (set point), evaluates input from receptors, and generates output

59
Q

Effector

A

Body structure that receives output from control center and produces a response or effect that will change the controlled condition

60
Q

What are the two types of feedback systems?

A

Negative and Positive Feedback Systems

61
Q

Negative Feedback

A

reserves a change in controlled conditions

62
Q

Positive Feedback

A

strengthens or reinforces a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions

63
Q

Disorder

A

any abnormality of structure or function (general)

64
Q

Disease

A

an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and systems (specific)

65
Q

Signs

A

Objective changes; observable, measurable (rash, fever, high blood pressure, paralysis)

66
Q

Symptoms

A

Subjective changes in body function, not observable (nausea, anxiety, pain, headache)

67
Q

What is involved in the diagnosis of disease?

A

History, Physical Exam, and Laboratory testing & imaging

68
Q

Describe Anatomical Position

A

Standing, Facing the observer, head level, eyes forward, lower limbs parallel, feet flat on the floor, forward facing, upper limbs, hands at the side, and palms facing forward

69
Q

Prone

A

Laying face down (on stomach)

70
Q

Supine

A

Laying face up (on back)

71
Q

Superior, Cephalic, or cranial

A

Towards Head

72
Q

Inferior, Caudal

A

Away from head

73
Q

Anterior, Ventral

A

Nearer to the front of the body

74
Q

Posterior, Dorsal

A

Nearer to the back of the body

75
Q

Medial

A

nearer to the midline

76
Q

Lateral

A

farther from the midline

77
Q

Intermediate

A

between two structures

78
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body

79
Q

Contralateral

A

on the opposite side of the body

80
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the attachment of a limb

81
Q

Distal

A

farther from the attachment of a limb

82
Q

Superficial (external)

A

toward the surface of the body

83
Q

Deep (internal)

A

away from the surface of the body

84
Q

What are the branches of physiology

A

Neurophysiology, Immunology, Exercise Physiology, and Pathophysiology

A&P 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions