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A&P 1 > A & P - Lab 3 > Flashcards

A & P - Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

covers body surfaces; lines hollow organs; body cavities; ducts; forms glands

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2
Q

Connective Tissue

A

protects & supports the body and its organs

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3
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

composed of cells specialized for contraction and generation of force; also generates heat that warms the body

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4
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating electircal signals that activate muscular contractions and secretion of glands

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5
Q

Tight Junctions

A

web-like strands of transmembrane proteins; fuse together outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes to seal off passageways between adjacent cells

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6
Q

Adherens Junctions

A

cell to cell anchor inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.

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7
Q

Desmosomes

A

cell to cell anchor contain Plaques and cadherins; similar to adheren junctions and extend into the intracellular space; attach cells to one another; however instead of attaching to microfilaments like the adheren junctions; they attach to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton.

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8
Q

Hemidesmosomes (Half resemble desmosomes)

A

“cell to basement membrane anchor. half resemble desmosomes; anchor cells to the basement membrane. Integrins are the transmembrane proteins in desmosomes [bind to the extracellular matrix]

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9
Q

Gap Junctions

A

cell to cell connection.? That allow small particles and ions to flow between the two cells; but restricting the larger molecules.

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10
Q

Apical (Free) surface (most superficial)

A

Faces the body surface; body cavity; lumen (interior space) of an organ; or tubular duct that receives cells secretions.

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11
Q

Lateral surfaces:

A

Face adjacent cells on either side

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12
Q

Basal surfaces (deepest)

A

Opposite of the apical (free surface); adhere to the extracellular materials such as basement membrane

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13
Q

Basement membrane

A

thin extracellular layer that commonly consists of two layers: Basal lamina (thin layer) and Reticular Lamina (closer to underlying connective tissue)

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14
Q

Basal lamina

A

(thin layer) closer to the epithelial cells Associated proteins found here: laminin & collagen

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15
Q

Reticular Lamina

A

closer to underlying connective tissue Associated proteins found here: collagen; secreted by fibroblasts

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16
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Air sacs of lungs nd the lining of the heart; blood vessels; and lymphatic vessels

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17
Q

Simple Cuboidial Epithelium

A

In ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubles

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18
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Ciliated tissues are in the bronchi; uterine tubes; and uterus; smooth (nonciliated tissues) are in the digestive tract; bladder

19
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Lines the esophagus; mouth; and vagina

20
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Sweat glands; salvry glnds; and the mammary glands

21
Q

Statified Columnar Epithelium

A

The male urethra and the ducts of some glands

22
Q

Transistional Epithelium

A

Lines the bladder; uretha; and ureters

23
Q

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Ciliated variety lines airways of most of upper respirotory tract; nonciliated variety lines larger ducts of many glads; epididymis; and part of male urethra

24
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

in/around nearly every body structure. (aka: packing material); subcutaneous layer; just under the skin; papillary regions of the dermis of the skin (superficial); lamina propria of mucus membranes; around blood vessels; nerves and body organs

25
Adipose tissue
it will be found locations around areolar tissue; subcutaneous layer deep to the skin; around heart and kidneys; yellow bone marrow; padding around joints; behind eyeball in the eye socket
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Reticular connective tissue
Stroma (supporting framework) of liver; spleen; lymph nodes; red bone marrow; reticular lamina of the basement membrane; around blood vessels and muscles
27
Dense regular connective tissue
forms tendons (attach muscle to bone); forms ligaments (attaches bone to bone) and aponeuroses (sheet like tendons that attach muscle to muscle or muscle to bone)
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Dense irregular connective tissue
occurs in sheets-fasciae (tissue beneath skin and around muscles and organs); reticular(deeper) region of dermis of skin; fibrous pericardium of the heart; periosteum of bone and cartilage; joint capsules; membrane capsules around various organs (kidneys; liver; testes; lymph nodes) also in heart valves
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Elastic connective tissue
lung tissue; walls of elastic arteries; trachea; bronchial tubes; true vocal cords; suspensory ligaments of the penis; some ligaments of vertebrate
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Hyaline cartilage
most abundant cartilage in the body; at the ends of long bones; anterior ends of ribs; nose; parts of larynx; trachea; bronchi; bronchial tubes; embryonic and fetal skeleton
31
Fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
lid on top of larynx (epiglottis); part of the external ear (auricle); auditory (Eustachian tubes)
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Bone
both compact and spongy bone tissue make up various parts of the bones of the body
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Blood
within blood vessels within chambers of the heart
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Fibroblasts
Large flat cells with branching processes. Usually the most numerous. Location: all the general connective tissues Function: migrate through the connective tissues; secreting the fibers and certain substances of the ground substance of the ECM.
35
Macrophages
type of WBC; developed from monocytes. They have irregular shape with short branching projections. Locations: fixed in certain systems; some are all over and wandering Function: engulf bacteria and cellular debris by phagocytosis
36
Plasma Cells
small cells that develop from WBC known as B lymphocyte Location: many places; most in connective tissue; especially GI and respiratory tract; salivary glands; lymph nodes; spleen; red marrow Function: Secrete antibodies; proteins that attach foreign substances in the body
37
Mast Cells
Location: abundant along blood vessels that supply connective tissue Function: 1. produce histamine which causes small blood vessels to dilate in response to inflammatory response; reacting to injury or infection. 2. bind to; ingest and kill bacteria
38
Adipocytes
fat cells connective tissue cells that store triglycerides (fats) Location: deep to the skin & around organs (heart & kidneys) Function: storage of triglycerides
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Leukocytes
Location: not found in significant numbers in connective tissue; but will migrate from blood into connective tissue under certain conditions. Function: Neutrophils: gather at sites of infection (bacterial) Eosinophils: migrate to sites of parasitic invasion and allergic responses
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Ground substance
Structure: May be fluid; semifluid; gelatinous; or calcified Function: 1. Supports cells; binds the together; supplies water; provides a medium for exchange of substances between the blood and cells 2. Plays an active role in how tissues develop; migrate proliferate and change shape and how they carry out metabolic function
41
Collagen fibers
Very strong; resist tension (pulling forces) Properties vary per tissue o Cartilage vs. bone: cartilage is surrounded by more water molecules than bone giving a cushion effect o Occur in parallel bundles (adds tensile strength) Protein: collagen (most abundant protein in the body=25% of total) Location: most types of connective tissue (especially bone; cartilage and tendons)
42
Elastic fibers
Smaller in diameter than collagen fibers; strong Branch and join to form a fibrous network in connective tissue Composition: o Protein: elastin (surrounded by) o Glycoprotein: Fibrillin which adds strength and stability They have elasticity (They can be stretched up to 150% of their relaxed length and are able to return to original shape after being stretched.) Location: skin; blood vessels; lung tissue
43
Reticular fiber
Protein: collagen Arrangement: fine bundles with a glycoprotein covering Location: Provides support in the walls of blood vessels and form a network around the cells in some tissues o Areolar tissue o Adipose tissue o Nerve fibers o Smooth muscle tissue Produced by: fibroblasts Characteristics: o Thinner than collagen o Form branching networks Functions: o provide support and strength (like collagen fibers) o Abundant in reticular connective tissue; which forms the stroma (supporting framework) of many soft organs) o Helps form the basement membrane
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A&P 1 (14 decks)

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