Lab 4 Flashcards
When looking at a slide of the Trachea, what is blood?
Hyaline cartilage
what kind of epithelium lines the Trachea?
simple squamous epithelium
What tissue has a large amount of surface area provided by the alveolar sacs?
lung tissue
What are the two layers of the bronchioles in lung tissue?
pseudostratified epithelium
smooth muscle
Bronchioles are wavy
What is emphysema?
respiratory disease in which the surface area available for gas exchange is significantly reduced.
-smoking increases risk
What sound occurs when air rushes through the large respiratory passageways?
bronchial sounds
What sounds coincide with the air filling the alveolar sacs?
Vesicular breathing
-sound like scuba divers or person wearing ventilation mask.
Respiratory, or lung, volumes and capacities are the amounts of what?
air that can be moved into or out of the lungs under various conditions?
Respiratory volumes and capacities vary according to:
sex, height, weight, and physical condition
What is the amount of air inhaled during a single breath called?
Tidal Volume (TV)
What is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration called?
Vital Capacity (VC)
What is the average resting TV?
400-500mL
VC can vary according to:
body size and composition, activity level, health, developing of the muscle of insperation
What is a wet spirometer?
when air exhaled into tube displaces an equal volume of water.
What is the pH of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain sensed by?
Central chemoreceptors in the medulla
WHat is CO2 levels in the blood sensed by?
peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
What does the automonic nervous system do?
provide input to the respiratory centers
exercise can lead to increased rate and depth of breathing before what occurs?
before CO2 level rise
Exercise can lead to the increase of what other then rate and depth of breathing?
increase of BP
During hyperventilation, drop in CO2 can lead to widespread ________ which can lead to drop in _____.
vasodilation
BP
During exercise, increase in BP occurs due to what?
vasoconstriction of vessels in the viscera
What can cause Bronchoconstriction?
Histamine, parasympathetic nerves, cold air, and chemical irratants
What can cause Bronchodialation?
epinephrine,sympathetic nerves and exercise
