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Biology > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q 
Which of the following enzymes does not digest any nutrients?
A. Chymotrypsin
B. Lingual lipase 
C. Carboxypeptidase
D. Enterokinase 
E. Dextrinase
A

D. Enterokinase

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1
Q 
Which of the following enzymes acts in the stomach?
A. Chymotrypsin
B. Lingual lipase 
C. Carboxypeptidase
D. Enterokinase 
E. Dextrinase
A

B. Lingual lipase

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2
Q 
Which of the following is not an enzyme? 
A. Chymotrypsin
B. Enterokinase 
C. Secretin
D. Pipsin
E. Nucleosidase
A

C. Secretin

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3
Q

Secretin is a what?

A

A hormone

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4
Q 
The lacteals absorb
A. Chylomicrons
B. Micelles
C. Emulsification droplets
D. Amino acids
E. Monosaccharides
A

A. Chylomicrons

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5
Q 
All of the following contribute to the absorptive surface area of the small intestine except
A. It's length
B. The brush border
C. Haustra
D. Circular folds
E. Villi
A

C. Haustra

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6
Q 
Which of the following is a periodontal tissue?
A. The gingiva
B. The enamel
C. The cementum
D. The pulp
E. The dentin
A

A. The gingiva

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7
Q 
Anatomically, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the stomach most closely resemble the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the small intestine.
A. Gastric pits, intestinal crypts
B. Pyloric glands, intestinal crypts
C. Rugae, Peyer patches
D. Parietal cells, goblet cells
E. Gastric glands, duodenal glands
A

A. Gastric pits, intestinal crypts

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8
Q 
Which of the following cells secrete digestive enzymes?
A. Chief cells
B. Mucous neck cells
C. Parietal cells
D. Goblet cells
E. Enteroendocrine cells
A

A. Chief cells

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9
Q 
What phase of gastric regulation includes inhibition by the enterogastric reflex?
A. The intestinal phase
B. The gastric phase 
C. The buccal phase 
D. The cephalic phase
E. The pharyngoesophageal phase
A

A. The intestinal phase

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10
Q

Cusps are a feature of the _________ surfaces of the molars an premolars.

A

Occlusal

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11
Q

The acidity of the stomach halts the action of ________ but promotes the action of ________, both of which are salivary enzymes.

A

Amylase, lipase

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12
Q

The _______ salivary gland is named for its proximity to the ear.

A

Parotid

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13
Q

The submucosal and myenteric plexuses collectively constitute the _______ nervous system.

A

Enteric

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14
Q

Nervous stimulation of gastrointestinal activity is mediated mainly through the parasympathetic fibers of the _______ nerves.

A

Vagus

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15
Q

Food in the stomach causes G cells to secrete _________, which in turn stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen.

A

Gastrin

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16
Q

Hepatic macrophages occur in the blood-filled spaces of the liver called _______.

A

Sinusoids

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17
Q

The brush border enzyme that finishes the job of starch digestion, producing glucose, is called ______. It’s substrate is ______.

A

Maltese, maltose

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18
Q

Fats are taken into the lymphatic capillaries as droplets called ______.

A

Chylomicrons

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20
Q

Within the absorptive cells of the small intestine, ferritin binds the nutrient _____.

A

Iron

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21
Q

Selective intake of food is known as _______.

A

Ingestion

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22
Q

List the purposes for small intestine muscle contractions.

A
  • propel contents along intestines
  • mixing of chyme with secretions
  • increase contact of chyme with intestinal lining.
23
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

a mucus-secreting epithelial cell.

24
Q

The ____________ does not secrete digestive enzymes, but does absorb water and electrolytes.

A

Large intestine

25
Q

What are the pancreatic enzymes that digest proteins?

A
  • trypsin
  • chymotrypsin
  • carboxypeptidase
26
Q

In order from stomach to large intestine, what are the segments of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

27
Q

What is the enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth?

A

Salivary amylase

28
Q

The functions of the _______ cavity include ingestion, speech, and respiration.

A

oral

29
Q

List in order the passage of bile from its point of secretion in the liver to the duodenum.

A
  1. Bile canaliculi
  2. Bile ductules
  3. Hepatic ducts
  4. Common hepatic duct
  5. Bile duct
30
Q

Stomach function is regulated in what 3 phases?

A

Gastric, intestinal, and cephalic phases

31
Q

What are some of the functions of stomach acid?

A

-Denature proteins in food
-Activate pepsin and lingual lipase
_destroy pathogens

32
Q

What is the substrate of deoxyribonuclease?

A

DNA

33
Q

What is the substrate of trypsin?

A

Proteins

34
Q

What is the substrate of ribonuclease?

A

RNA

35
Q

What is the substrate of amylase?

A

starch

36
Q

What is the substrate of lipase?

A

fats

37
Q

What is the term that means pertaining to the liver?

A

hepatic

38
Q

What are the functions of the oral cavity?

A

Respiration, ingestion, and speech.

39
Q

The accessory organ of the digestive system that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the _______.

A

Pancreas

40
Q

Proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed into ______ and lipids are absorbed into _____.

A

blood, lymph

41
Q

What function of the liver contributed to the process of digestion?

A

secretion of bile

42
Q

What does the protease pepsin do?

A

Protein digestion in stomach

43
Q

What does the protease aminopeptidase do?

A

Removes amino acids from the -NH2 ends of amino acid chain

44
Q

What does the protease carboxypeptidase do?

A

Removes amino acids from the -COOH end of amino acid chain

45
Q

What does the protease dipeptidase do?

A

Splits a chain of two amino acids

46
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

47
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • aids in swallowing
  • dissolves molecules so they can be tasted
  • inhibits bacterial growth
48
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

a mucus-secreting epithelial cell.

49
Q

Bile contains:

A

cholesterol, pigment, bile salts, phospholipids

50
Q

The hormone produced by enteroendocrine G cells that stimulated stomach HCL and enzyme activity is called _______.

A

Gastrin

51
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?

A

Hydrocholic acid

52
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

Paracrine compounds

53
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

Hydrocholic acid

Biology (16 decks)

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