Lab 3 Flashcards
Are veins or arteries have a more irregular lumen?
vein
Are veins or arteries have a thicker wall?
arteries
Are veins or arteries larger?
veins
Which layer is made of simple squamous epithelium and has only round nuclei?
Tunica interna
Which layer is made of smooth muscle and some elastic tissue (in arteries only)?
Tunica media
Which layer is made of some smooth muscle and dense irregular connective tissue?
Tunica externa
How do capillaries appear on a slide?
little holes in the tissue, see little round nuclei
What is the method called to measure BP indirectly by measuring the pressure in the brachial artery?
a sphygomanometer or sphygomometer
What is a sphygomometer measured in?
mm Hg
What is the general term that applies to any stimuli that is disagreeable?
noxious
example, the noxious stimulus is a cold water bath.
Listening to disagreeable music:
stimulus? receptors?
These receptors would send signals to the cortex which sends a signal to the _________ center (control center), which then sends a signal to the blood vessels of the viscera to constrict (effector). This process increase what?
stimulus=music
receptors= hair cells in the ears
vasomotor center
process increases BP
By increasing heart rate or strength of contraction of the heart?
increases BP
What system can act through a number of effector pathways to respond to a noxious stimuli?
sympathetic nervous system
What are the 3 pigments responsible for skin color and what color do they show?
hemoglobin (red), melanin (tan,brown), and carotene (yellow of the thick skin on palms and soles)
What disorder is seen by the bluing of skin caused from lack of O2? what is the adjective?
Cyanosis
cyanotic
Deoxygenated _______ is blue.
Hemoglobin
What disorder is seen by abnormal redness of the skin resulting from increasing blood flow due to a number of factors including exercise and embarrassment? what is the adjective?
Erythema
Erythemic
What disorder is seen by the white or ashen color that occurs when little blood is flowing? what is the adjective?
Pallor
pallid
What causes the white color in skin?
collagen showing through the skin when little blood is present in the tissues.
What are the walls of an artery made of?
strong, resilient tissue that retains a round shape
What are the walls of veins like?
thin and flaccid, fold on themselves when not full and expand easily.
What expands during ventricular systole to receive blood and recoil during diastole?
Large arteries
What empties into a metarteriole or capillary?
Arteriole
What engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues?
capillaries
What receives drainage from capillaries and exchanges fluid with surrounding tissues?
venules
what returns blood to the heart?
veins
What is the functional significance of large amounts of elastic tissue?
the ability to stretch and recoil
Hypertension weakens small arteries by causing tears and plaques on arterioles causing _________ and causes rigidity of large arteries which mean what?
atherosclerosis
this means they can now not absorb pressure
Which division of the nervous system controls vessel diameter?
autonomic nervous system
What happens to the muscle in the wall of the blood vessel in order for the diameter of the blood vessels to decrease?
smooth muscle of the tunica media contracts causing the diameter in decrease
What is the name and location of the control center in the brain that regulated vessel diameter?
Vasomotor center in the medulla
what are the names and locations of the control center in the brain that regulates heart rate?
cardioacceloratory and cardioinhibitory center in the medulla.
What division of the nervous system is invloved with increasing heart rate?
sympathetic nervous system
What effector actually changes HR?
smooth muscles of the arteries causing vasomotion
What division of the nervous system activates the cardioacceloratory control center?
sympathetic nervous system
What is the route that blood takes from the heart to the left lateral forearm and back?
Left vent–>aorta–>brachiocephalic truck–>L subclavical artery–>L axillary a.–>L brachial a.–>L radical a.–>small arteries and arterioles–> capillaries in left lateral forearm–>venules and small veins–>left radical vein–>L brachial v.–>L axillary v.–>L subclavical v.–>L brachiocephalic v.–> superior vena cava–> right atrium.
What is the route that blood takes from the heart to the small intestine and back?
Left vent–>aorta–> superior mesentric a.–> intestinal arteries (jejunal a–> jejunum and ileal a–> illeum)–> small arteries and arterioles–> capillaries in small intestine–> venules and small veins–> superior mesentric v.–> hepatic portal vein–> inferior vena cava–> right atrium
What is the route that blood takes from the heart to the right gastrocnemius muscle and back?
Left vent–>aorta–>R common iliac a–> R external iliac a.–> R femoral a–>R popliteal a.–> R anterior tibial a–> small arteries and arterioles–> capillaries in R gastrocnemius muscle–> venules and small veins–>R anterior tibial v–> R popliteal v.–> R femoral v–>R external iliac v–>R common iliac v. inferior vena cava–> right atrium
