Lab 3

Question 1

Are veins or arteries have a more irregular lumen?

Answer 1

vein

Question 2

Are veins or arteries have a thicker wall?

Answer 2

arteries

Question 3

Are veins or arteries larger?

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

Which layer is made of simple squamous epithelium and has only round nuclei?

Answer 4

Tunica interna

Question 5

Which layer is made of smooth muscle and some elastic tissue (in arteries only)?

Answer 5

Tunica media

Question 6

Which layer is made of some smooth muscle and dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 6

Tunica externa

Question 7

How do capillaries appear on a slide?

Answer 7

little holes in the tissue, see little round nuclei

Question 8

What is the method called to measure BP indirectly by measuring the pressure in the brachial artery?

Answer 8

a sphygomanometer or sphygomometer

Question 9

What is a sphygomometer measured in?

Answer 9

mm Hg

Question 10

What is the general term that applies to any stimuli that is disagreeable?

Answer 10

noxious

example, the noxious stimulus is a cold water bath.

Question 11

Listening to disagreeable music:
stimulus? receptors?
These receptors would send signals to the cortex which sends a signal to the _________ center (control center), which then sends a signal to the blood vessels of the viscera to constrict (effector). This process increase what?

Answer 11

stimulus=music
receptors= hair cells in the ears
vasomotor center
process increases BP

Question 12

By increasing heart rate or strength of contraction of the heart?

Answer 12

increases BP

Question 13

What system can act through a number of effector pathways to respond to a noxious stimuli?

Answer 13

sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

What are the 3 pigments responsible for skin color and what color do they show?

Answer 14

hemoglobin (red), melanin (tan,brown), and carotene (yellow of the thick skin on palms and soles)

Question 15

What disorder is seen by the bluing of skin caused from lack of O2? what is the adjective?

Answer 15

Cyanosis

cyanotic

Question 16

Deoxygenated _______ is blue.

Answer 16

Hemoglobin

Question 17

What disorder is seen by abnormal redness of the skin resulting from increasing blood flow due to a number of factors including exercise and embarrassment? what is the adjective?

Answer 17

Erythema

Erythemic

Question 18

What disorder is seen by the white or ashen color that occurs when little blood is flowing? what is the adjective?

Answer 18

Pallor

pallid

Question 19

What causes the white color in skin?

Answer 19

collagen showing through the skin when little blood is present in the tissues.

Question 20

What are the walls of an artery made of?

Answer 20

strong, resilient tissue that retains a round shape

Question 21

What are the walls of veins like?

Answer 21

thin and flaccid, fold on themselves when not full and expand easily.

Question 22

What expands during ventricular systole to receive blood and recoil during diastole?

Answer 22

Large arteries

Question 23

What empties into a metarteriole or capillary?

Answer 23

Arteriole

Question 24

What engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues?

Answer 24

capillaries

Question 25

What receives drainage from capillaries and exchanges fluid with surrounding tissues?

Answer 25

venules

Question 26

what returns blood to the heart?

Answer 26

veins

Question 27

What is the functional significance of large amounts of elastic tissue?

Answer 27

the ability to stretch and recoil

Question 28

Hypertension weakens small arteries by causing tears and plaques on arterioles causing _________ and causes rigidity of large arteries which mean what?

Answer 28

atherosclerosis

this means they can now not absorb pressure

Question 29

Which division of the nervous system controls vessel diameter?

Answer 29

autonomic nervous system

Question 30

What happens to the muscle in the wall of the blood vessel in order for the diameter of the blood vessels to decrease?

Answer 30

smooth muscle of the tunica media contracts causing the diameter in decrease

Question 31

What is the name and location of the control center in the brain that regulated vessel diameter?

Answer 31

Vasomotor center in the medulla

Question 32

what are the names and locations of the control center in the brain that regulates heart rate?

Answer 32

cardioacceloratory and cardioinhibitory center in the medulla.

Question 33

What division of the nervous system is invloved with increasing heart rate?

Answer 33

sympathetic nervous system

Question 34

What effector actually changes HR?

Answer 34

smooth muscles of the arteries causing vasomotion

Question 35

What division of the nervous system activates the cardioacceloratory control center?

Answer 35

sympathetic nervous system

Question 36

What is the route that blood takes from the heart to the left lateral forearm and back?

Answer 36

Left vent–>aorta–>brachiocephalic truck–>L subclavical artery–>L axillary a.–>L brachial a.–>L radical a.–>small arteries and arterioles–> capillaries in left lateral forearm–>venules and small veins–>left radical vein–>L brachial v.–>L axillary v.–>L subclavical v.–>L brachiocephalic v.–> superior vena cava–> right atrium.

Question 37

What is the route that blood takes from the heart to the small intestine and back?

Answer 37

Left vent–>aorta–> superior mesentric a.–> intestinal arteries (jejunal a–> jejunum and ileal a–> illeum)–> small arteries and arterioles–> capillaries in small intestine–> venules and small veins–> superior mesentric v.–> hepatic portal vein–> inferior vena cava–> right atrium

Question 38

What is the route that blood takes from the heart to the right gastrocnemius muscle and back?

Answer 38

Left vent–>aorta–>R common iliac a–> R external iliac a.–> R femoral a–>R popliteal a.–> R anterior tibial a–> small arteries and arterioles–> capillaries in R gastrocnemius muscle–> venules and small veins–>R anterior tibial v–> R popliteal v.–> R femoral v–>R external iliac v–>R common iliac v. inferior vena cava–> right atrium