Lab 1 Flashcards
The arteries that supply the myocardium of the heart, all the smaller vessels and capillary beds, and the veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart is the __________ circulation.
Coronary
The technical term for heart attack is?
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infractions occur when?
When blood supply to the heart muscle is interrupted.
The right coronary artery (at base of aorta) travels around the heart in the __________.
Coronary sulcus
Which artery gives off small branches that supply the right ventricle and atrium?
Right coronary artery
Which branch from the right coronary artery travels down toward the apex of the heart?
Right marginal artery
What does the right coronary artery supply?
supplies primarily the right atrium and ventricle.
What branch from the right coronary artery runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus?
Posterior interventricular artery.
Where does the left coronary artery leave the aorta?
where the pulmonary trunk crosses over
The left coronary artery splits in just cms away from the aorta into which 2 arteries?
the anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery.
What is the main branch of the circumflex artery?
the left marginal artery that travels down the lateral aspect of the heart.
Blood flows from arteries to what?
smaller and smaller arteries and finally capillaries.
What happens in capillaries?
exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes.
deoxygenated blood need to return to?
the venous circulation
Where does the great cardiac vein travel?
in anterior interventricular sulcus, arcs around left side of heart and empties into coronary sinus.
_______ is found on the posterior wall of the right atrium.
Coronary sinus
the great cardiac vein and __________ vein empty into the Coronary sinus, as does all other venous blood.
Posterior interventricular vein
Where does the Coronary sinus empty?
Right atrium
What is the exterior of the heart called?
epicardium or visceral pericardium
Where do u find fat on the heart?
in the groove of the heart.
What does the fat do?
holds the major vessels of the coronary circulation in place.
In the part of epicardium which very thin serous membrane, what gets secreted and into what?
serous fluid is secreted into pericardial cavity.
What looks like ear-like appendages attached to each atrium?
auricles
What are sulci?
grooves of the heart
What is located in the coronary sulcus?
right coronary artey
What is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus?
anterior interventricular artery and great cardiac vein.
What is located in the posterior interventricular sulcus?
posterior interventricular artery and posterior interventricular vein.
What artery runs through the coronary sulcus under the left auricle?
left coronary artery
What is the fossa ovalis?
a depressed scar on the interventricular septum.
What does the fossa ovalis do?
allows blood to move from the right and left atrium, bypassing the pulmonary circuit.
What is the ‘loose’ band of muscle tissue running from lower ventricle across the opening to the interventricular septum?
moderator band or Septomarginal Trabecular
What does the Septomarginal Trabecular contain?
the right branch of the AV bundle: a collection of electrical fibers.
What is the function of the Septomarginal Trabecular?
Provides a shortcut in the wiring so that all of the lower part of the ventricular myocardium cant contract in unison.
Formed elements of the blood include:
erythroctyes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBC) and platelets.
What is RBC count called?
Hematocrit
What does RBC count measure?
measures O2 carrying capacity of the blood
What does WBC count measure?
The percentage of each type of leukocyte in the blood sample.
What does it mean if one type of leukocyte is unusually high?
indicates a particular type of infection.
What are the different types of leukoctyes?
neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
How do the visceral and parietal pericardial membranes cover the heart?
visceral pericardial= serous membrane that covers surface of heart.
parietal pericardial= a 2 layered sac surrounding the heart.
What lays between the visceral and parietal membranes?
the pericardial cavity.
Why is left ventricle wall thicker then the right?
L vent pumps blood to entire body while r vent pumps only to the lungs.
What is another name for the right atrioventricular valve?
right cuspid valve.
what does the right cuspid valve.do?
regulates the opening between atria and ventricles.
What is the function of the tendinous cords attached to the atrioventricular valves?
helps regulate prolapse
prevent them from flipping inside out.
The blood vessel that leaves the right vent in the _______. it divides into 2 ___________.
pulmonary trunk,
pulmonary atreries
The valve at the proximal portion of the vessel leaving the tight vent is the _____ valve.
Pulmonary semilunar valve.
What does the Pulmonary semilunar valve do?
prevents back flow from pulmonary trunk to right vent suring diastole
Does the Pulmonary semilunar valve. have tendinous cords?
no
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall and what type of tissue are they made of?
- Epicardium=simple squamous epithelium, areolar tissue, adipose tissue.
- Endocardium=simple squamous epithelium, areolar tissue
- Myocardium=cardiac muscle
Which 3 vessels sdoes blood flow through to get from the aorta to lateral aspect of left vent?
Left coronary artery (LCA) —> Circumflex branch —> left marginal branch
What structure collects venous blood from coronary circulation?
coronary sinus.
What are the 3 distinctive features of intercalated discs?
- interdigitating folds
- mechanical junctions
- electrical junctions
What is the function of interdigitating folds?
folds interlock with eachother to increase surface area of intercellular contact.
What is the function of mechanical junctions?
- fascia adherens- links cells together
- desmosome enables myocytes to pull on each other.
What is the function of electrical junctions?
form channels that allow ions to flow from cytoplasm of one cell directly into the next.
What are the 3 major functions of blood?
transportation, protection, regulation
For every leukocyte, how many erythrocytes and platelets are there?
E=100,000
P= 2.5
What are the 3 types of protein in blood plasma?
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulin-alpha- ceruloplasmin
-beta- transferrin
- gamma- antibodiesWhat are the 4 major types of molecules in plasma and an example?
- protein- albumin
- nitrogenous waste- urea
- nutrients- glucose
- electrolytes- Na+
What is the cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
- When mom(Rh-) is prego with Rh+ fetus, she is exposed to D(Rh) antigens during birthing.
- Her IS produces anti-D antibodies
- If prego again with Rh+ baby, her anti-D antibodies agglutinate with fetuses blood, causing HDN baby.
What 3 leukocytes are called granulocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
What 2 leukocytes are called agranulocytes?
lymphocytes and monocytes
What are the functions and % of WBCs of neutrophils?
- phagocytize bacteria and release antimicrobial chemicals.
- 60%-70%
What are the functions and % of WBCs of eosinophils?
- phagocytize antigens- allergens and inflammatory chemicals
- release enzymes that weaken or destroy parasites such a worms
- 2-4%
What are the functions and % of WBCs of basophils?
- secrete histamine, which increases blood flow to a tissue
- secrete heparin, which promotes mobility of other WBCs by preventing clotting.
- <0.5%
What are the functions and % of WBCs of lymphocytes?
- secrete antibodies
- serve in immune memory
- 25-33%
What are the functions and % of WBCs of monocytes?
- differentiate into macrophages
- phagocytize pathogens, dead neutrophils, and debris of dead cells
