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Biology > Chapter 23- Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 23- Urinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A
  • FILTER blood plasma (separate and eliminate wastes)
  • REGULATE BV, BP, osmolarity of body fluids.
  • SECRETE renin and erythroproteins
  • DETOXIFY free radicals, drugs
  • SYNTHESIZE glucose during starvation
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2
Q

Nitrogenous Wastes

What 4 Metabolic wastes are produced in the body?

A

NH3, Urea, Uric Acid, Creatinine

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3
Q

What is excretion?

A

The separating and eliminating of wastes.

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4
Q

What are the 4 systems of the body that use excretion?

A

Respiratory System
Integument System
Digestive System
Urinary System

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5
Q

What does the Respiratory system excrete?

A

CO2 (ph) and H2O

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6
Q

What does the Integument system excrete?

A

Urea, lactic acid, H2O, and salts

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7
Q

What does the Digestive system excrete?

A

Cholesterol, bile pigments, H2O, and eliminates food wastes

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8
Q

What does the Urinary system excrete?

A

Metabolic wastes, hormones, drugs, toxins, H2O, H+, and salts

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9
Q

What is included in the gross anatomy of the kidney?

A
  • Renal fascia- anchors kidneys dorsally and ventrally
  • Perirenal fat capsules- cushions and supports kidney
  • Fibrous Capsule- tightly adhered to kidney
  • Cortex-outer 1cm
  • Medulla-inner; organized into pyramids and columns
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10
Q

What is the pathway from pyramids to ureter?

A

Pyramids drain into papilla duct~minor then major calices~renal pelvis~ureter

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11
Q

What are the 11 pathways the renal artery supplies?

A
  • Segmental arteries
  • Interlobar arteries
  • arcuate arteries
  • interlobular arteries
  • afferent arteriole (wide)
  • glomerulus(site of filtration)
  • efferent arteriole (narrow)
  • both arterioles from the juxtaglomerular appertus
  • peritubular capillaries - in cortex
  • vasa recta - in medulla
  • –renal vein
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12
Q

What does the renal corpuscle consist of and what is its function?

A

the glomerulus and glomerular capsule.

Function: filtration

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13
Q

The renal tubule is divided into what 4 regions? What are their functions?

A
  • Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
    function: reabsorption
  • Nephron Loop
    function: create concentration gradient in medulla
  • Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
    function: reabsorption/secretion
  • Collecting Duct
    function: concentration of urine
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14
Q

What is the flow of fluid from where the glomerular filtrate is formed to where urine leaves the body?

A

Glomerular capsule–>proximal convoluted tubule–> nephron loop–> Distal convoluted tubule–> collecting duct–> papillary duct–> minor calyx–> Major calyx–> renal pelvis–> ureter–> urinary bladder–> urethra

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15
Q

What are Cortical nephrons?

A

short nephron loops (85%)

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16
Q

What are Juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

long nephron loops

17
Q

Around each renal artery is a _____?

A

Renal plexus

18
Q

When is renin secretion stimulated?

A

when BP is low

19
Q

What are the 3 simple steps of Urine Formation?

A
  • Glomerular filtration
  • Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
  • Water Conservation
20
Q

Fenestrated endothelium of the capillary, Basement membrane and filtration slits are the 3 barriers of what membrane?

A

the filtration membrane

21
Q

On average, people produce how much urine per day?

A

1-2L

22
Q

If GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is too high, then ____.

A

filtration increases,
urine increases
=dehydration

23
Q

If GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is too low, then _____.

A

filtration decreases,
urine dereases,
=reabsorption of wastes

24
Q

Which homeostatic mechanism has the ability of the nephrons to adjust their own blood flow and GFR without ecternal control?

A

Renal autoregulation

25
Q

What are the two mechanisms of autoregulation?

A

Myogenic mechanism and

Tubuloglomerular feedback

26
Q

In Sympathetic Control, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in what?

A
  • constriction of afferent arteriole

- decrease in GFR and Urine production

27
Q

In the Renin-Angiotension-Aldosterone System (RAAS), JGA secretes renin when?

A

if BP decreases

28
Q

65% of filtrate is reabsorbed in which capillaries?

A

the PERITUBULAR capillaries

Biology (16 decks)

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