Chapter 24 Flashcards
Hypertension is likely to increase the secretion of A. Atrial natriuretic peptide B. antidiuretic hormone C. Bicarbonate ions D. Aldosterone E. Ammonia
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
The greatest percentage of the body's water is in A. The blood plasma B. the lymph C. The intercellular fluid D. The interstitial fluid E. The extracellular fluid
C. The intercellular fluid
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ increases water reabsorption without increasing sodium reabsorption. A. Antidiuretic hormone B. aldosterone C. Atrial natriuretic peptide D. Parathyroid hormone E. Calcitonin
A. Antidiuretic hormone
Hypotonic hydration can result from A. ADH hypersecretion B. ADH hyposecretion C. Aldosterone hypersecretion D. Aldosterone hyposecretion E. A and D only
A. ADH hypersecretion
Tetanus is most likely to result from A. Hypernatremia B. Hypokalemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypocalcemia E. C and D only
D. Hypocalcemia
The principle determinant of intercellular osmolarity and cellular volume is A. Protein B. Phosphate C. Potassium D. Sodium E. Chloride
C. Potassium
Increased excretion of ammonium chloride in the urine most likely indicates A. Hypercalcemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypochloremia D. Alkalosis E. Acidosis
E. Acidosis
The most effective buffer in the intracellular fluid is A. Phosphate B. Protein C. Bicarbonate D. Carbonic acid E. Ammonia
B. Protein
Tubular secretion of hydrogen is directly linked to A. Tubular secretion of potassium B. Tubular secretion of sodium C. Tubular reabsorption of potassium D. Tubular reabsorption of sodium E. Tubular secretion of chloride
D. Tubular reabsorption of sodium
Hyperchloremia is most likely to result in A. Alkalosis B. Acidosis C. Hypernatremia D. Hyperkalemia E. Hypovolemia
B. Acidosis
The most abundant cation I the ECF is _______.
Na+
The most abundant cation in ICF is _________.
K+
Water produced by the body’s chemical reactions is called _______.
Metabolic water
The skin loses water by two processes, sweating and ________.
Cutaneous transpiration
Any abnormal accumulation of fluid in a particular place in the body is called ___________.
Fluid sequestration
An excessive concentration of potassium ions in the blood is called ________.
Hyperkalemia
A deficiency of sodium ions in the blood is called __________.
Hyponatremia
A blood pH of 7.2 caused by inadequate pulmonary ventilation would be classified as ___________.
Respiratory acidosis
Tubular secretion of hydrogen ions ceases if the acidity of the tubular fluid falls below a value called the ________.
Limiting pH
Long-term satiation of thirst depends on a reduction of the _______ of the blood.
Osmolarity
How much water should one intake in a day?
2500 mL/day
What are the 2 main categories of acid-base imbalances?
Respiratory and metabolic
What are calciums roles?
- acts as a factor for blood clotting
- acts as 2nd messenger and activates exocytosis during neurotransmission
- participates in bone and tooth development
- participates in muscle contraction
_____ excretion represents the major route of water loss.
Urine
What are the characteristics for hypovolemia?
Total water is reduced; osmolarity is isotonic
What are the characteristics for volume excess?
Total water is elevated; osmolarity is isotonic
