L9 Flashcards
Asthma sensitization
Occurs when allergens like pollen or dust mites trigger IgE production and mast cell sensitization
IgE
Antibody class involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions, binds to Fc_RI on mast cells
Mast cell degranulation
Releases histamine, leukotrienes, and cytokines, causing bronchoconstriction and inflammation
Type I hypersensitivity
Immediate allergic reaction involving IgE, mast cells, and inflammatory mediators
Type II hypersensitivity
Antibody-mediated reaction targeting cell surfaces or extracellular matrix, leading to cell destruction
Type III hypersensitivity
Involves immune complex deposition in tissues, triggering inflammation via complement activation
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Type II hypersensitivity disease where autoantibodies target red blood cells
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Type III hypersensitivity disease caused by immune complex deposition in tissues
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
Type IV hypersensitivity involving T cells and macrophage-mediated inflammation
Contact hypersensitivity
Type IV reaction triggered by haptens like nickel or poison ivy, leading to dermatitis
Molecular mimicry
Pathogens mimic self-antigens, triggering autoimmunity by cross-reactive immune responses
Tuberculin skin test
Example of delayed-type hypersensitivity involving memory Th1 cells and local inflammation
Hygiene hypothesis
Suggests reduced microbial exposure skews immunity toward allergy and autoimmunity
Diversity hypothesis
Emphasizes microbial variety for proper immune system regulation
Cytokine IL-4
Drives Th2 differentiation and IgE production in allergic responses
