L10

Question 1

Immunological tolerance

Answer 1

Immune system’s ability to avoid attacking self-antigens while responding to foreign antigens

Question 2

Central tolerance

Answer 2

Mechanism in primary lymphoid organs where self-reactive T cells undergo deletion or editing

Question 3

Peripheral tolerance

Answer 3

Regulation of mature lymphocytes in peripheral tissues through anergy, suppression, or deletion

Question 4

Clonal deletion

Answer 4

Apoptosis of self-reactive T cells during central tolerance in the thymus

Question 5

Regulatory T cells (Tregs)

Answer 5

Suppress autoreactive T cells and maintain peripheral tolerance

Question 6

Molecular mimicry

Answer 6

Pathogens mimic self-antigens, leading to autoimmune responses

Question 7

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 7

Autoimmune disease where T cells attack myelin sheaths in the central nervous system

Question 8

Autoreactive T cells

Answer 8

T cells that mistakenly target self-antigens, contributing to autoimmune diseases

Question 9

Intrinsic factors

Answer 9

Genetic predisposition, gender, and age influencing autoimmune susceptibility

Question 10

Extrinsic factors

Answer 10

Infections, environmental toxins, and lifestyle factors contributing to autoimmunity

Question 11

Direct allorecognition

Answer 11

Donor APCs present alloantigens directly to recipient T cells

Question 12

Indirect allorecognition

Answer 12

Recipient APCs process and present donor-derived antigens on self-MHC molecules

Question 13

Graft rejection

Answer 13

Immune response targeting transplanted organs due to recognition of alloantigens

Question 14

Immune specificity

Answer 14

Host immune system specifically recognizes and responds to foreign graft antigens

Question 15

Immune memory

Answer 15

Enhanced and faster immune response upon re-exposure to the same alloantigens

Question 16

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

Answer 16

Transplanted T cells attack recipient tissues, common in bone marrow transplants

Question 17

ABO blood typing

Answer 17

Ensures compatibility of blood groups between donor and recipient to prevent rejection

Question 18

HLA typing

Answer 18

Matches donor and recipient MHC alleles to minimize immune rejection risk

Question 19

Crossmatching

Answer 19

Detects pre-existing recipient antibodies against donor antigens to avoid hyperacute rejection

Question 20

Panel reactive antibody (PRA) test

Answer 20

Assesses the recipient’s sensitization level to potential donors