L11

Question 1

Dendritic cells

Answer 1

Key antigen-presenting cells linking innate and adaptive immunity

Question 2

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Answer 2

Detect pathogens and trigger immune responses in dendritic cells

Question 3

Antigen presentation

Answer 3

Process by which dendritic cells present antigens to naive T cells via MHC molecules

Question 4

Live attenuated vaccines

Answer 4

Contain weakened pathogens, provide strong immunity but pose risks for immunocompromised individuals

Question 5

Inactivated vaccines

Answer 5

Contain killed pathogens, safer for immunocompromised but require multiple doses

Question 6

HIV vaccine challenges

Answer 6

High mutation rate, immune evasion, and difficulty inducing broad neutralizing antibodies

Question 7

Checkpoint inhibitors

Answer 7

Block CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 pathways to enhance T cell activity against cancer

Question 8

Karikó and Weissman

Answer 8

Developed modified mRNA technology, enabling effective COVID-19 vaccines

Question 9

Pseudouridine in mRNA

Answer 9

Enhances stability, reduces immune activation, and improves vaccine efficacy

Question 10

Cytokine IL-12

Answer 10

Promotes Th1 differentiation and cellular immune responses

Question 11

Cytokine IL-4

Answer 11

Drives Th2 differentiation and IgE-mediated responses

Question 12

Immune memory

Answer 12

Long-lasting adaptive response triggered by vaccination or infection

Question 13

Broadly neutralizing antibodies

Answer 13

Antibodies targeting conserved regions of viruses, key to HIV vaccine development

Question 14

Adjuvants

Answer 14

Enhance immune responses in inactivated vaccines by boosting antigen recognition

Question 15

T cell activation

Answer 15

Initiated by dendritic cells presenting antigens to naive T cells in lymph nodes