L8

Question 1

Atopic dermatitis biopsy

Answer 1

Shows spongiosis, hyperkeratosis, and immune cell infiltration in the epidermis

Question 2

Intestinal villi

Answer 2

Structure unique to intestinal mucosa, not found in skin biopsies

Question 3

Antibiotics

Answer 3

Kill harmful bacteria but can also disrupt beneficial gut bacteria and promote resistance

Question 4

Paneth cells

Answer 4

Produce antimicrobial peptides and support intestinal stem cell niches

Question 5

M cells

Answer 5

Facilitate transport of antigens to immune cells in Peyer�s patches

Question 6

Enterocytes

Answer 6

Absorb nutrients and express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Question 7

Tuft cells

Answer 7

Produce IL-25 in response to parasitic worms

Question 8

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)

Answer 8

Immune cells residing in the epithelial layer of the intestine

Question 9

Goblet cells

Answer 9

Produce mucus to protect the intestinal lining

Question 10

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)

Answer 10

Contribute to immune defense and tissue repair

Question 11

Dendritic cells

Answer 11

Present antigens to T cells and initiate immune responses

Question 12

Smooth muscle cells

Answer 12

Facilitate movement of intestinal contents

Question 13

IL-10 and TGF-_

Answer 13

Cytokines maintaining tolerance in barrier tissues

Question 14

IFN-_

Answer 14

Part of Type I immune response, promotes inflammation and pathogen clearance

Question 15

IL-25

Answer 15

Alarmin cytokine signaling immune response to parasitic infection

Question 16

Epithelial cells

Answer 16

Engage in cytokine secretion, PRR interaction with microbes, and mucus production

Question 17

IgA-secreting B cells

Answer 17

Part of the tolerogenic environment in healthy barrier immune systems

Question 18

Eosinophils

Answer 18

Involved in inflammatory responses, not part of the tolerogenic environment

Question 19

Asthma sensitization

Answer 19

Allergen exposure via inhalation, triggering IgE production and mast cell sensitization

Question 20

Type I hypersensitivity

Answer 20

Involves IgE, mast cell degranulation, and inflammatory mediator release

Question 21

Type II hypersensitivity

Answer 21

Antibody-mediated destruction of cells through complement activation or ADCC

Question 22

Type III hypersensitivity

Answer 22

Immune complexes deposit in tissues, causing inflammation via complement activation

Question 23

Type IV hypersensitivity

Answer 23

T-cell mediated response leading to inflammation and tissue damage

Question 24

Hygiene hypothesis

Answer 24

Suggests reduced microbial exposure increases allergy and autoimmunity risk

Question 25

Diversity hypothesis

Answer 25

Highlights the importance of microbial diversity for healthy immune system regulation

Question 26

Early allergen exposure

Answer 26

Associated with reduced risk of developing atopy and allergies

Question 27

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS)

Answer 27

Systemic inflammatory response caused by immune overactivation