L8 Flashcards
Atopic dermatitis biopsy
Shows spongiosis, hyperkeratosis, and immune cell infiltration in the epidermis
Intestinal villi
Structure unique to intestinal mucosa, not found in skin biopsies
Antibiotics
Kill harmful bacteria but can also disrupt beneficial gut bacteria and promote resistance
Paneth cells
Produce antimicrobial peptides and support intestinal stem cell niches
M cells
Facilitate transport of antigens to immune cells in Peyer�s patches
Enterocytes
Absorb nutrients and express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
Tuft cells
Produce IL-25 in response to parasitic worms
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)
Immune cells residing in the epithelial layer of the intestine
Goblet cells
Produce mucus to protect the intestinal lining
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)
Contribute to immune defense and tissue repair
Dendritic cells
Present antigens to T cells and initiate immune responses
Smooth muscle cells
Facilitate movement of intestinal contents
IL-10 and TGF-_
Cytokines maintaining tolerance in barrier tissues
IFN-_
Part of Type I immune response, promotes inflammation and pathogen clearance
IL-25
Alarmin cytokine signaling immune response to parasitic infection
Epithelial cells
Engage in cytokine secretion, PRR interaction with microbes, and mucus production
IgA-secreting B cells
Part of the tolerogenic environment in healthy barrier immune systems
Eosinophils
Involved in inflammatory responses, not part of the tolerogenic environment
Asthma sensitization
Allergen exposure via inhalation, triggering IgE production and mast cell sensitization
Type I hypersensitivity
Involves IgE, mast cell degranulation, and inflammatory mediator release
Type II hypersensitivity
Antibody-mediated destruction of cells through complement activation or ADCC
Type III hypersensitivity
Immune complexes deposit in tissues, causing inflammation via complement activation
Type IV hypersensitivity
T-cell mediated response leading to inflammation and tissue damage
Hygiene hypothesis
Suggests reduced microbial exposure increases allergy and autoimmunity risk
Diversity hypothesis
Highlights the importance of microbial diversity for healthy immune system regulation
Early allergen exposure
Associated with reduced risk of developing atopy and allergies
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS)
Systemic inflammatory response caused by immune overactivation
