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Ruminant Medicine Spring 2016 > L8: Ruminant non-diarrheal GI Disease Pt.2 (Sanchez) > Flashcards

L8: Ruminant non-diarrheal GI Disease Pt.2 (Sanchez) Flashcards

1
Q

Predisposing factors of abomasal ulceration

A
  • stress
  • concurrent dz
  • NSAID therapy
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2
Q

Abomasal erosion distribution in calves

A

Near pylorus, and less commonly in the fundus

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3
Q

Clinical/lab signs of BLEEDING, NON-PERFORATED ulceration

A
  • chronic focal abd pain
  • pale mm, tachycardia, weakness, cool extremities
  • anemia, hypoproteinemia
  • dark tarry feces
  • reduced feed intake
  • bruxism (sign of pain/discomfort)
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4
Q

CS of PERFORATED abomasal ulcers

A
  • similar to hardwear dz (TRP)
  • focal or generalized peritonitis
  • anorexia, fever, rumen stasis, focal abd pain, bruxism
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5
Q

Dx of abomasal ulceration

A
  • Hx
  • PE findings
  • peritoneal tap
  • CBC: leukocytosis, leukopenia (peritonitis) or anemia (Blood loss)
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6
Q

Tx of abomasal ulceration

A

-good quality forage, no concentrate
-stall confinement
-anti-acid drugs in pre-ruminant calves
+/- blood transfusion
+/- abx if perforated

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7
Q

Prognosis of abomasal ulceration

A

Poor if perforated

Good if bleeding as long as kept quiet and managed without too much stress

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8
Q

Abomasal impaction rare/common in beef/dairy cattle?

A

Beef: common (usually primary due to poor quality roughage, inadequate water intake)
Dairy: rare (usually secondary to vagal indigestion)

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9
Q

Dx/Tx/Prognosis of abomasal impaction

A

Dx: exploratory laparotomy
Tx: abomasotomy via right paracostal
Prognosis: reasonable if primary, poor if secondary (vagal indigestion)

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10
Q

2 main categories of colic in ruminants

A

Peritonitis

Obstructive diseases

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11
Q

Causes of peritonitis –> colic

A 
Traumatic perf
Visceral rupture
Abscess formation/rupture
Iatrogenic
Misc: fat necrosis
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12
Q

CS/Tx/Prog of peritonitis

A

CS: Similar to TRP (hardware dz)
Tx: same as TRP
Prognosis: fairly good for mild, localized cases; poor for long-standing generalized cases

Sequelae: adhesions, vagal indigestion

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13
Q

2 types of intestinal obstruction

A

1) Strangulating (volvulus, intussusception)
2) Non-strangulating:
- extraluminal (pregnancy, fat necrosis)
- intraluminal (bezoars, HBS)
- ileus

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14
Q

CS/Dx/Tx of intestinal obstruction

A

CS: abd pain, anorexia, dec. fecal output, tenesmus with blood
Dx: rectal (feeling small bowel is abnormal), US +/ ab tap
Tx: laparotomy

Intussusception can present like abomasal outflow obstruction

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15
Q

Intestinal atresia or stenosis

A
  • Can be hereditary or non-hereditary
  • Hereditary: rectal, anal, jejunal atresia in Jerseys
  • Not hereditary: colonic atresia
  • Surgical correction not usually feasible or warranted
  • Can do barium enima for dx
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16
Q

Intussception Presentation, CS, Dx

A
  • Rare in ruminants (esp. In goats/sheep)
  • large or SI in calves
  • usually assoc. with intraluminal mass in adults

CS: colic, depression, dehydration
Rectal Exam: SI distention, +/- firm mass

17
Q

2 types of Volvulus in ruminants

A

2 types:

1) mesenteric root volvulus
- extremely painful
- rapidly progressive abd distention
- tachycardia, tachypnia, dehydration
- rapid clinical deterioration

2) Segmental SI volvulus
- similar CS, but more slowly progressive and not as painful

18
Q

Dx/tx of volvulus

A

Rectal: SI distention
Tx: immediate sx intervention

19
Q

Chars. Of cecal dilatation +/- volvulus

A
  • caused by cecal fermentation
  • commonly confused w/ RDA
  • Dx: PE, rectal, R-sided ping
  • Tx: dilatation only –> conservative; voluvulus requires sx
20
Q

Most common Neoplastic GI disorders in ruminants

A

Abomasal lymphosarcoma

21
Q

Mesenteric fat necrosis physiology

A
  • inflamm. Response to degenerating adipose cells
  • more common in Channel Island breeds, Japanese black cattle
  • feeding increased long chain saturated FA
  • typically >2 yrs old
22
Q

CS/Dx/Tx of Mesenteric fat necrosis

A

CS: similar to intestinal obstructions; hard gritty masses in abd, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea

Dx: dec. serum cholesterol, inc. FFA
Tx usually not warranted

23
Q

Phys. Of Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

A
  • most common in adult dairy cattle
  • causes acute severe hemorrhage into the SI –> large intraluminal clots –> bowel obstruction
  • assoc. with C. Perfringens type A
24
Q

Herd level factors of hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

A
  • large herd size, administration of BST
  • use of [MUN] for ration composition
  • pasture turnout protective for smaller herds (a problem on bigger dairy farms)
25
Q

CS/Dx/Tx/Prog. Of Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome

A

CS: blood loss, obstruction, sudden death
Dx: intraluminal blood clot
Tx: supportive
Prog: poor to grave

26
Q

Most common signalment of abomasal ulceration:

A 
Intensively reared calves (usually right after weaning)
Adult cattle (first 6 wks after calving)

Ruminant Medicine Spring 2016 (18 decks)

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