L11 Pt. 2 (Maunsell) Flashcards

1
Q

Transmission of MCF

A
  • direct contact
  • subclinically affected sheep and wildebeest are major reservoirs
  • increased shedding during lambing/calving season
  • cattle = dead end hosts
  • highly contagious to cattle and bison
  • very young calves usually NOT affected
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2
Q

Incubation period of MCF

A

3-10 weeks

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3
Q

Pathophys. Of MCF

A

Massive infiltration with lymphoid cells –> widespread vasculitis and epithelial necrosis

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4
Q

CS of MCF (peracute)

A
  • high fever

- sudden death w/o other signs

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5
Q

CS of generalized form of MCF

A
  • fever
  • oral erosions and scabs, severe KCS w/ corneal opacity leading to blindness
  • mucopurulent nasal d/c
  • weakness
  • dyspnea and stertor
  • anorexia
  • agalactia
  • may slough hooves, horn, skin
  • CNS signs if viral encephalitis
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6
Q

CS of Alimentary form of MCF

A
  • severe diarrhea
  • fever
  • oral and esophageal erosions
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7
Q

Dx of MCF

A
  • reportable!
  • dx based on exposure, CS
  • necropsy: ulcerated epithelia (oral and esophageal), swollen liver, diffuse hemorrhages, marked vasculitis w/ mononuclear perivascular cuffing, lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoid infiltrates assoc. with epithelial necrosis
  • serology
  • PCR confirms suspected cases and tests peracute cases
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8
Q

Tx/Control of MCF

A
  • supportive
  • poor prognosis

Control: keep cattle away from sheep, wildebeest, hartebeest and topis which can be carriers

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9
Q

Bluetongue virus etiology

A
  • orbivirus transmitted by Culicoides spp.
  • clinical dz in sheep most commonly
  • reservoir = subclinically infected ruminants
  • cattle develop high viremia often w/o CS and can be infective for 7-13 weeks
  • endemic in tropical and subtropical regions
  • epidemics occur in seasonally-affected areas
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10
Q

Where does bluetongue virus occur in the US?

A

South and California
Florida: endemic in cattle; sporadic dz in sheep and very occasionally cattle; most commonly seen in naive sheep imported from northern states

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11
Q

Transmission of Bluetongue

A
  • transmission through skin, replicates in lymphoid tissue, viremia at day 3, clinical signs at day 6-7
  • once in blood, infection of and replication in vascular endothelium –> widespread vasculitis, endothelial necrosis, thrombosis, hemorrhage
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12
Q

CS of Bluetongue

A

-fever
-nasal d/c
+/- dyspnea, laminitis/coronitis, swelling and edema of lips, gums, dental pad, tongue; necrotic ulcers of lips, anus, vulva
-sudden death or chronic wasting with PROLONGED recovery

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13
Q

Bluetongue: fetal infection

A
  • abortion at any gestation
  • infection at 60-120 days gestation causes congenital dz w/ excessive gingival tissue, agnathia (absence of jaws), arthrogryposis (joint contractures), ataxia, head pressing, hydranencephaly
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14
Q

Dx of Bluetongue

A
  • viral isolation (gold standard)
  • PCR
  • competitive ELISA
  • AGID not sensitive
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15
Q

Pathology of bluetongue

A
  • generalized edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, necrosis of skeletal and cardia muscle
  • hemorrhage at base of pulmonary a.
  • thrombosis and vascular damage
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16
Q

Tx/control of bluetongue virus

A

Tx: supportive (nursing care, rumen support, fluids, abx to prevent secondary infections)

Control: vector control/exposure, MLV vaccines

17
Q

Anthrax etiology

A
  • Bacillus anthracis (G+ rod)
  • reportable, zoonotic
  • 1ary habitat = soil
  • vegetative and spore state
  • ruminants and cervids most susceptible
18
Q

Distr. of anthrax

A
  • worldwide
  • US: Texas and some areas of great plains have favorable soil conditions
  • late summer, early fall most common for dz in US
19
Q

Transmission and incubation period of anthrax

A

Ingestion or inhalation of spores

Incubation period: 1-7 days

20
Q

Pathophys. Of anthrax

A
  • enters body, primary replication in the regional LN, leads to bacteremia, septicemia, toxemia dissemination to all major organs
  • death by toxic shock, multiple organ failure
  • capsule protects against complement and phagocytosis
21
Q

3 syndromes of anthrax

A

1) cutaneous
2) pulmonary
3) GI

22
Q

Cutaneous syndrome of anthrax

A
  • in people that work with animal hides and hair

- malignant pustule followed by necrotic ulcer

23
Q

Pulmonary syndrome of anthrax

A
  • people or animals that inhale spores
  • rapidly fatal
  • develop localized pulmonary infection that disseminates
24
Q

GI syndrome of anthrax

A

-disseminates after oral ingestion (humans, animals)

25
Q

CS of peracute syndrome of anthrax in cattle

A

1-2 hours:

  • fever, muscle tremors, dyspnea, congesion of mm
  • collapse w/ bloody discharge
  • rapid death
26
Q

CS of ACUTE syndrome of anthrax in cattle

A

48 hours:

  • high fever
  • tachycardia
  • anorexia, ruminal stasis
  • severe depression
  • congested mm
  • abortion
  • blood-stained milk
  • bloody discharge
  • edema
  • collapse and death
27
Q

Anthrax of pigs

A
  • usually from being fed infected carcasses
  • same CS as cattle
  • edema of head and throat, obstructed airway, bloodstained froth, petechia on skin
28
Q

Anthrax pathology

A
  • absence of rigor mortis
  • blood from orifices
  • saw horse posture
  • ecchymoses
  • bloodstained serous fluid in body cavity
  • splenomegaly
  • spleen looks like jelly
29
Q

Dx of anthrax (skipped slide)

A
  • NMB stain on blood smear
  • direct blood or tissue smears or by culture
  • rapid sample collection necessary
30
Q

Control and prevention of anthrax

A
  • carcass management

- vaccinate all clinically normal, potentially exposed animals

31
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever affects which species

A

Domestic cattle, buffalo, wild ruminants, pigs