L.7 Muscles pt.1

Question 1

L.O

Answer 1

• Recall the three types of muscle and state their main characteristics.
• Describe different ways in which muscles can attach to other body structures.
• Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles.
• Compare different muscle shapes and give examples of each.

Question 2

3 types of muscle

Answer 2

Skeletal:
- Bones and joints
- Voluntary
- Striated

Cardiac:
- Walls of heart
- Involuntary
- Striated

Smooth:
- Walls of hollow organs and blood vessels
- Involuntary
- Non-striated

Question 3

Skeletal muscle attachments

Answer 3

• Contractile part if red and called the ‘belly’
• Muscle belly needs to attach at 2 heads, when contracted these points move together
• Tendons attach muscle to another part of body, usually bone

Question 4

Tendons Vs. Ligaments

Answer 4

Tendon:
- Dense fibrous connective tissue, white/ silver in colour
- DO NOT contract

Ligament:
- Similar material
- attach bone to bone
- Found deep surrounding bone joints

Question 5

Skeletal muscles can attach…

Answer 5

• To bone via tendons (Round strap like chords of connective tissue)
• To bone via aponeuroses (Thin sheets of connective tissue)

Directly to:
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Deep fascia
- Skin
- Muscle

Question 6

Intrinstic Vs Extrinsic muscle

Answer 6

Instrinsic:
- Muslce that has both its attachment sites within the same area of the body
- Foot, hand, tongue

Extrinsic:
- A muscle that has one attachment site in one area of the body and the other in another area.
- Extensor Digitorum Longus

Question 7

Muscle shapes

Answer 7

• Flat
• Pennate
• Fusiform
• Convergent
• Quadrate
• Circular
• Multiheaded/ bellied

[heft]

Question 8

Flat muscle

Answer 8

• Parallel fibres
• May be wide with aponeuroses (External oblique)
• May be thin (sartorius)

Question 9

Penate muscle

Answer 9

• Feather shaped
• Unipennate (extensor longus digitorum)
• Bipennate (Rectus femoris)
• Multipennate (Deltoid)

Question 10

Fusiform Muscle

Answer 10

• Spindle shaped (fat belly, then heads)
• Biceps brachii

Question 11

Convergent muscle

Answer 11

• One end has a broad attachement site, narrowing to a small head on other side
• Pectoralis major

Question 12

Quadrate muscle

Answer 12

• 4 equal sides
• Rectus abdominus
• Usually contain tendinous intersections

Question 13

Circular muscles

Answer 13

• Form a sphincter like a draw string

Orbicular occuli
Orbicular oris

Question 14

Multiheaded/ Bellied muscles

Answer 14

• More than one attachment at one end
• Biceps brachii
• Triceps brachii
• Quadriceps
• Gastrocnemeus

Question 15

Anotomical variations

Answer 15

• Some people may have extra bundles of muscle fibres accompanying a ‘typical’ muscle (Muslce Slips)
• Some may have extra tendons
• May lack small mucles (eg. palmaris longus)