L.11 Bones Flashcards
L.O.
- To understand bone function, structure and components in overview
- To describe bone classifications with examples
- To identify selected individual bones of the human skeleton
- To describe and discuss the human skeleton using anatomical terminology
- To describe and understand markings and features on bones
- To describe the basic system of vasculature in bone
Bone functions
- Protect
- Movement
- Support
- Store and release minerals
- Produce RBC
Bone is living tissue…
- Bones have blood supply and nerves
- Constant turnover by osteoclasts and osteoblasts
- Heal and respond to muscle usage changes
The 2 types of bone
Cortical
- Strong and dense, outer
Cencellous
- Spongey, inner
- AKA Trabecular
Bone made from
Hydroxyapatite:
- Calcium and phosphorus
- Strength and rigidity
- Mineral component
Collagen:
- Flexibility and elasticity to bone
- Organic component
Periosteum
- Fibrous sheath that covers bone
- Contains blood vessels and nerves to provide nourishment and sensation
Vascular supply
Arteriy supply:
- Periosteum arteries
- Nutrient arteries
- form Central arteries:
Venous drainage:
- Periosteum veins
- Nutrient veins
- Central veins
Medullary cavity contains bone marrow and central veins/ arteries
How bones develop
- Epiphysis = ends
- Metaphysis = Shaft next to growth cartilage
- Diaphysis = Shaft
cartilage at growth plate is gradually replaces by bone until metaphysis joins epiphysis, and growth stops
Bone classification
- Flat
- Long
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
- Short
Long bones
- Tubular in shape
- Humerous
- Clavicle
- Phalanges
- Ulna etc.
Short bones
- Block/ cuboidal shape
- Carpals (8 each wrist)
- Tarsals (7 each ankle)
Flat bones
- Usually protective
- Cranial vault (fronal and parietal bones)
- Sternum
- Pelvis
- Scapula
Irregular bones
Vertebra
Face bones
Sesamoid bones
- Form within a tendon
- Patella = largest
- In hands and feet
Skeleton classification
Axial skeleton: (Protective)
- Skull
- Ribs
- Sternum
- Vertebral column
- Coccyx
- Sacrum
Appendicular skeleton:
- Hip bones
- Femu
- Patella
- Tibia
- Fibula
- tarsals (7)
- metatasals(5)
- phalanges (toes)
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Humerus
- Radius
- Ulna
- Metacarpals
- Carpals
- Phalanges (fingers)
