L5: The composition of bone

Question 1

តើឆ្អឹងមានសមាសភាគអ្វីខ្លះ?

Answer 1

• osteogenic cells
• organic matrix (សារធាតុសរីរាង្គ: collagen fiber)
• mineral (inorganic)

Question 2

តើ osteogenic cells មានអ្វីខ្លះ?

Answer 2

• osteoblasts
• osteocytes
• osteoclasts

Question 3

អ្វីជា osteoblast?

Answer 3

ជាកោសិកាដែលឲ្យគន្លងទៅ osteocytes

Question 4

មុខងារនៃ osteoclasts?

Answer 4

ចូលរួមក្នុងការបង្កើតឆ្អឹង​ (ស៊ីយកបើមិនដើរតាមគន្លង)

Question 5

connective tissue consists of?

Answer 5

cells, fibers & ground substances

Question 6

what is matrix?

Answer 6

matrix is the ground substance consisting of glycoproteins, water & the insoluble protein fibers

Question 7

តើ matrix មាន collagen & proteoglycans ប៉ុន្មាន?

Answer 7

1/3 នៃ​ម៉ាសរបស់ឆ្អឹង

Question 8

តើ stem cell ធ្វើមកពីអ្វី?

Answer 8

placenta of human & animal

Question 9

what mineral makes up 2/3 (70%) of our bones?

Answer 9

hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate crystals)

Question 10

តើ​ឆ្អឹងផ្ទុកទឹកប៉ុន្មាន %?

Answer 10

25% - 30%

Question 11

តើ​ឆ្អឹងផ្ទុក collagen ប៉ុន្មាន %?

Answer 11

30% - 40%

Question 12

តើ​ឆ្អឹងផ្ទុក mineral deposit ប៉ុន្មាន %?

Answer 12

60% - 70%

Question 13

តើ collagen fibers ជួយអ្វីដល់ឆ្អឹង?

Answer 13

tensile strength (ស្វិត: resistance being pulled apart)

Question 14

តើ calcium salts ជួយអ្វីដល់ឆ្អឹង?

Answer 14

compressive strength (រឹងល្អ តែងាយបាក់: resistance to being compressed or crumbled)

Question 15

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាឆ្អឹងកុមារងាយ bent​ (ដូចមែកឈើ: បាក់មិនដាច់ចេញពីគ្នា)?

Answer 15

ដោយសារតែ collagen លើសធៀបទៅនឹងសារធាតុរ៉ែ

Question 16

តើអរម៉ូនអ្វីដែលក្រពេញទីរ៉ូអ៊ីតបញ្ជូន calcium ដែលលើសទៅឆ្អឹង?

Answer 16

calcitonin

Question 17

what happen if calcium is too high?

Answer 17

create kidney stone & weaken the bone

Question 18

what happen if calcitonin is too high?

Answer 18

if too much calcitonin is found in the blood, it may be a sign of a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)

Question 19

where is thyroid in the body?

Answer 19

below the Adam’s apple

Question 20

function of thyroid?

Answer 20

sending out hormones to the rest of the body

Question 21

តើនៅក្នុង thyroid មានអ្វី?

Answer 21

medulla

Question 22

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាឆ្អឹងមនុស្សចាស់ ផុយហើយស្រួយ (brittle & fragile)?

Answer 22

ដោយសារតែ calcium salts ត្រូវបានកាត់បន្ថយ

Question 23

សមាសធាតុគីមីនៃ hydroxyapatite?

Answer 23

អាតូម: calcium 10, phosphorus 6, oxygen 26 & hydrogen 2

Question 24

តើមានអ្វីកើតឡើងនៅពេលខ្វះ collagen?

Answer 24

ខូចសន្លាក់

Question 25

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាគេមិនអាចធ្វើឈាមសប្បនិម្មិតបាន?

Answer 25

ដោយសារតែឈាមជាសរីរាង្គមាន DNA & RNA