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HDID Block 2 > L41 > Flashcards

L41 Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia

  • GP or GN?
  • Unique features
A

GN
Obligate INTRAcell!!
Genome is highly conserved between species

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2
Q

What is the elementary body?

A

Infectious form

Gets uptaken in vacuoles

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3
Q

What is the replicate body?

A

Replicating form inside vacuoles

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4
Q

What is the early differentiation phase for chlamydia?

A

EB –> RB

Exponential RB growth

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5
Q

What is the late differentiation phase?

A

Inclusion had matured

See asynchronous differentiation of RB –> EB

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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of EB.

A

Smaller
More dense (b/c NOT replicating)
- Compact DNA
- Histones

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7
Q

Describe the characteristics of RB.

A

Larger
Replicating = less dense
- Dispersed DNA
- No histones

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8
Q

What are the virulence mechanisms of chlamydia?

A

ONCE inside the INCLUSION
Type 3 secretion system
Autotransport
Outer membrane blebs

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9
Q

Talk through how chlamydia infects a host cell.

A

EB adherence via various integrins
EB in vacuole
3 secretion systems to export virulence factors for microbe survival
EB –> RB = inclusion
Early stage - RB proliferation
Mid stage - RB line up along edges of inclusion
Late stage = not synchronous differentiation RB –> EB
Cell lysis and release of EB

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10
Q

Where in the body are chlamydia infections found?

A

Mucosal surfaces

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11
Q

What are they symptoms of chlamydia infections?

A

Often asymptomatic!

Can lie dormant as localized infections occur and are resolved without progressing

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12
Q

What happens if you don’t treat a chlamydia infection?

A

Lasts a long time
Causes inflam –> scarring
Even w/o symptoms

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13
Q

What is the strain of chlamydia causes eye infections and genital STDs?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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14
Q

Talk through the 5 stages of progression of c.trachomatis if untreated.

A 
Inclusion conjunctivitis 
Follicular conjunctivitis 
Pannus
Trichiasis 
Blindness
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15
Q

Describe inclusion conjunctivitis.

A

= initial infection caused by c.trachomatis
Acute, inflam
Can easily treat with antibiotics!!

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16
Q

Describe follicular conjunctivitis.

A

Delayed HST rxn
B/c of repeated, untreated infections
If resolves on own here - person is immune

17
Q

What is pannus?

A

Corneal inflammation –>

  1. Corneal scar tissue
  2. Neovascularization
18
Q

What is trachoma?

A

Conjunctiva is contracted b/c of scarring

Eyelashes inward –> damage cornea

19
Q

What eye condition occurs if c.trachomatis infects a newborn? What is the time frame for symptoms?

A

Opthalmia neonatorum

Not immediate - days after birth

20
Q

What lung infection occurs if c.trachomatis infect a newborn? What is the time frame for symptoms?

A

Pneumonia of the newborn

Delayed onset - 3-16 weeks

21
Q

How do you treat chlamydia infections in newborns?

A

Erythromycin

Macrolides

22
Q

What are the genital complication for women if chlamydia goes undiagnosed?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ectopic pregnancy
Infertility

23
Q

What is the natural immunity for genital infections?

A

B & T cell - Ab & cell mediated

But immunity is short lived

24
Q

Which strain of chlamydia causes ATYPICAL adult pneumonia?

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

25
Q

What diseases result of chlamydia pneumonia is not diagnosed and treated?

A

Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
COPD

26
Q

What condition is associated with disseminated chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection?

A

CVD

27
Q

How do you diagnose chlamydia pnemoniae infection?

A 
General suspicion for atypical pneumonia - not specific tests needed
Drugs treat all possible atypical cases:
- Doxy
- Erythro
- Quinolones (Levofloxacin)
28
Q

Which strain of chlamydia is associated with birds?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

29
Q

What are mycoplasma?

A 
No walls - 1 cytoplasmic membrane
Many shaped bacteria 
Hard to grow on culture
Cholesterol requirement
Diverse genome
30
Q

How might mycoplasma colonies look?

A

Fried egg colonies

NOT true for mycoplasma pneumoniae

31
Q

Which strain of mycoplasma are you particularly aware of?

A

M.pneumonia
Causes atypical pneumonia
Leading cause of pneumonia in school age children & young adults

32
Q

How do you diagnose M.pneumoniae infection?

A

IgG or IgM by ELISA

33
Q

Which strains of mycoplasma are normal flora but can cause opportunistic STIs?

A

M. hominis
M. genitalium
U. urealyticum

34
Q

Which mycoplasma are associated with HIV?

A

M. fermentans

M. penetrans

HDID Block 2 (39 decks)

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