Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HDID Block 2 > L34 - Drugs > Flashcards

L34 - Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Adverse effect for aminoglycosides

A

Oto/nephrotoxicity
Irreversible
Neuromuscular blockade - avoid for MG patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adverse event for tetracyclines

A

Bone/teeth

Photo-sensitivity (sunburn easily)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adverse events for ery/azithromycin

A

GI

QT prolongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adverse events for clindamycin

A

C.diff infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adverse events for linezolid

A

BM suppression

Serotonin syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What drugs are your first choice for anaerobes (3)

A

Clindamycin
Metronidazole
Tigecycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GP only protein synthesis inhibitors (2)

A

Linezolid

Mupirocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bacterial ribosome structure

A

30S + 50S = 70S

vs humans: 40S + 60S = 80S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are most protein synthesis inhibitors cidal or static

A

STATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common aminoglycosides (2)

A

Gentamicin
Amikacin

(Streptomycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanism of action for aminoglycosides

A

Binds 30S - X protein synthesis

Cidal or static - depends on [ ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spectrum of action aminoglycosides

A

GN w/ pseudo
GP only w/ B-lactams b/c can’t penetrate cell wall on own
No anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When to give/not to give aminoglycosides

A

IV only - hospital use for systemic GN infections
High [ ] in ear and kidney - use for complex UTIs
AVOID with:
- Pneumonia - inactivated pH
- Abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tetracycline other name & mechanism

A

Doxycycline
Reversible 30S binding
STATIC
Lipophilic = GN & P entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 resistance mechanisms vs tetracycline

A

Active efflux
Ribosomal protection proteins!!
Resistance to tetra = common, major limiting factor for clinical use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tetracycline spectrum of activity

A 
Broad GN (limited by resistance)
GP (some CA-MRSA)
Some anaerobic 
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are you going to give tetracycline? When are you going to avoid it?

A 
Bronchitis
CA pneumonia
Chlamydia 
AVOID: (bone growth side effect concerns)
- Kids
- Pregnant women
18
Q

What’s the other name for glycylcycline? Mechanism

A

= Tigecycline
Synthetic tetracycline
Broader coverage & works for tetracycline resistant bugs

19
Q

Spectrum of activity glycylcycline

A 
VERY BROAD
GN w/o proteus or pseudo 
- *Rapid resistance may develop*
GP w/ MRSA & VRE
Most anaerobes
20
Q

When are you going to use glycylcycline? Avoid?

A

IV only:
Complicated skin/ST or intra-ab infections
CA pneumonia
- Careful about increased mortality risk

21
Q

3 macrolides

A

Azithromycin
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin

22
Q

Macrolide mechanism

A

50S binding
Static
Azithro - long 1/2 life
Erythro - Cp450 metabolism therefore many drug interactions

23
Q

Macrolide spectrum of activity

A 
GN
GP
Some GN anaerobes 
Chlamydia
Legionella
Mycoplasma
24
Q

When are you using each of the 3 microlide options?

A

Azithro: CA pneumo/bronchitis, atypical pneumo, chlamydia
Erythro: gut motility
Clarithro: mycobacterium avium complex disease, vs. H. pylori

25
Q

Mechanism of lincosamide/clindamycin

A

Binds 50S

Static - cidal at high doses

26
Q

Which drug might induce clindamycin resistance

A

Erythromycin

27
Q

Clindamycin spectrum of activity

A

GP only w/ CA MRSA
Anaerobes:
- Above the diaphragm
- Bacteroides fragillis

28
Q

When are you using clindamycin

A 
Community aspiration pneumo
Oral/ENT infections
Human bite wounds 
Abscesses 
S/ST due to CA MRSA
29
Q

2 names for oxazolidinones

A

Linezolid

Tedizolid - overcomes resistance to other forms of this drug

30
Q

Oxazolidinone mechanism of action

A 
Binds 50S
Increased potency b/c additional target site @ binding region of rRNA
Static 
100% bioavailability 
PO or IV
31
Q

What is/how would serotonin syndrome present?

A

Excess serotonin when oxazolidnones are given with SSRIs
- B/c oxazolidinones block monamine oxidase activity
Hyperthermia
CV instability

32
Q

Linezolid spectrum of activity

A

GP ONLY w/ MRSA & VRE

Mycobacteria

33
Q

Clinical use for linezolid

A

VRE infection
MRSA nosocomial pneumo
S/ST infection

34
Q

Mupirocin mechanism

A

Binds tRNA synthetase reversibly

35
Q

Mupirocin spectrum of activity

A

GP only
Weaker activity against “normal” skin flora
No GN or anaerobic

36
Q

Mupirocin clinical uses

A

Topical only
S.aureus or strep skin infections
Decolonize MRSA from the nose
Prophylaxis of catheter related infections

37
Q

What are the DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Imidazoles (metronidazole & tinidazole)

38
Q

Imidazole mechanism of action

A

Diffuses into bacteria

Produces free radicals –> kills bacteria

39
Q

Imidazole adverse effects

A

Pills taste metallic
CNS - vertigo, confusion, psychosis
+ alcohol –> vomiting, flushing

40
Q

Imidazole spectrum of activity

A

Anaerobes
- “Below the diaphragm”
- Bracteroides fragillis
Protozoa

41
Q

When are you using imidazole

A

Anaerobic infections:
C.diff
Intra-ab infection

HDID Block 2 (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions