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HDID Block 2 > L39 > Flashcards

L39 Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

  • GP or GN
  • Shape
  • Encapsulated or not?
A 
GN
Coccobacilli
Both encapsulated and not
- Non-encapsulated are not typable 
- Encapsulated type b (Hib) is predominant
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2
Q

What medium do you grow H.influ on? What factors are required?

A

Chocolate agar
Factor X = hemin
Factor V = NAD

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3
Q

Where in the body does H.influ colonize?

A

Nasopharynx

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4
Q

What kind of diseases do unencapsulated H.influ cause?

A

Respiratory tract

  • Otitis media
  • Sinusitis
  • Pneumonia, bronchitis
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5
Q

What kind of diseases do encapsulated H.influ (type B) cause?

A

Systemic disease via blood

  • Meningitis
  • Sepsis
  • Septic arthritis
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6
Q

What 3 virulence factors do both encap/un-encap H.influ share?

A
  1. Adherence factors
    - Pili
    - Adhensins, especially in un-encap
  2. LOS
  3. Biofilm
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7
Q

Drugs to treat H.influ non-invasive infections (un-encapsulated)

A

Amoxicillin

Amox-clavulanate if resistant

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8
Q

Drugs to treat invasive H.influ infections (encapsulated, meningitis)

A

Ceftazidime/ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalo)

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9
Q

Which strain of H.influ does the vaccine target?

A

Encapsulated
Conjugated to a protein
PRP - TT, DT, OMP

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10
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

  • GP or GN
  • Shape
A

GN

Coccobacilli

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11
Q

What 3 diseases does moraxella cause?

A

Otitis media
Sinusitis
Conjunctivitis - usually w/o symptoms even if it happens

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12
Q

Drugs for moraxella

A

Amox-clavu

Cephalosporins

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13
Q

Legionella pneumophila

  • Shape on lab media
  • Shape in tissues
  • GN or GP
A

GN
Poor staining
Lab media = long, thin bacilli
Tissues = short coccobacilli

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14
Q

How is legionella spread?

A

Aerosols

NOT person to person

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15
Q

Risk factors for legionella

A

Smoking - chronic lung disease
Old
Immune compromised
Cancer

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16
Q

What are the 2 diseases caused by legionella?

A

Pontiac Fever

Legionnaires Disease

17
Q

Symptoms of Pontiac Fever. Treatment.

A

YOUNG, HEALTHY ADULTS
Flu-like
No antibiotics needed

18
Q

What are the 3 steps of legionella pathogenesis?

A
  1. Attach & enter alveolar macrophages
    - IFNg cell macrophage immunity
  2. Form & target vaculoes
  3. Intracell replication and cell lysis
19
Q

How does legionella survive in macrophage vacuoles?

A

Type 4 secretion system:
X phago-lysosome fusion
Vacuole w/ ribosomes (“ER like”) because site of replication

20
Q

Which stain do you use for legionella?

A

Gimenez for smears

Dieterle for tissues

21
Q

Which medium do you culture legionella on?

A

Buffer charcoal yeast medium

22
Q

Which 2 tests can you order to diagnose ligionella?

A
  1. Urine antigen test
    Detects most common strand’s LPS
  2. Sputum direct fluorescent Ab test
23
Q

Drugs for legionella

A

Pneumonia:
- Fluoro
- Macrolide
Legionnaires - azithromycin

24
Q

Coxiella burnetti

  • GP or GN
  • Shape
  • Unique attributes
A

GN
Bacillus - OBLIGATE INTRACELL (!!!)
Low infectious dose - carries by farm animals

25
Q

Acute vs chronic diseases caused by coxiella burnetti

A

Acute = Q fever
- Flu-like
Chronic = endocarditis

26
Q

Drug coxiella burnetti

A

Doxycycline

27
Q

Bordetella pertussis

  • GN or GP
  • Shape
  • Aerobic vs anaerobic
A

GN
Coccobacilli
NO polysacc capsule
Aerobic

28
Q

How do you diagnose B.pertussis?

A

PCR (replaced plate cultures)

Serology

29
Q

How is B.pertussis spread?

A

Highly contagious

Aerosols

30
Q

4 stages of pertussis disease

A
  1. Incubation
  2. Catarrhal - cold
  3. Paraoxysmal - whooping cough
  4. Convalescent - resolving
31
Q

Why do kids die from whooping cough?

A

Respiratory failure

32
Q

What are the 3 toxins made by B.pertussis?

A

Pertussis toxin
Adenylate cyclase toxin
Tracheal toxin

33
Q

Fxn of pertussis toxin

A

Ribosylates inhibitory G proteins
Net = lymphocytosis
B/c chemokine receptors of WBCs disabled –> stay in blood stream
Why get systemic symptoms & poor outcomes for kids

34
Q

Fxn of tracheal toxin

A

Damages ciliated respiratory epithelium

35
Q

Drug B.pertussis

A

Azithromycin - only to prevent spread, doesn’t help symptoms

36
Q

What is the pertussis vaccine? Cons?

A 
DTaP
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Acellular pertussis 
Cons: need boosters b/c immunity wanes

HDID Block 2 (39 decks)

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