L31 Neuroscience - The Brain and Memory

Question 1

what is ekamn’s criteria for basic emotions?

Answer 1

1. Distinctive universal signals
2. Presence in other primates
3. Distinctive physiology
4. Distinctive universals in antecedent events
5. Rapid onset
6. Brief duration
7. Automatic appraisal
8. Unbidden in occurence

Question 2

what is mark twains definition of emotion?

Answer 2

any emotion, if sincere, is involuntary

Question 3

what are the dual aspects of emotion?

Answer 3

expression and experience

Question 4

what is the expression in the dual aspect of emotion?

Answer 4

behavioural (blushing, laughing, crying, running)

physiological (heart rate, skin conductance, neural activity)

Question 5

what is experience in the dual aspect of emotion?

Answer 5

subjective feelings of humans - linguistic, conscious

Question 6

what is emotion?

Answer 6

immediate responses to a specific object or situation

Question 7

what is mood?

Answer 7

a diffuse long lasting affective state - often with unclear triggers or origins

Question 8

what is emotion biologically?

Answer 8

emotions are biologically based responses to situations that are personally relevant
they are shaped by learning and changes in peripheral physiology

Question 9

what do emotions involve changes across?

Answer 9

multiple response systems

Question 10

what are emotions distinct from?

Answer 10

mood

Question 11

why are emotions distinct from mood?

Answer 11

emotions have identifiable triggers

Question 12

what could emotions be?

Answer 12

1) unlearned responses to stimuli after intrinsic affective properties
2) learned responses to stimuli with acquired emotional value

Question 13

what are ekam’s categories?

Answer 13

1) well established basic emotions

2) candidate basic emotions

Question 14

what are well-established basic emotions?

Answer 14

anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise

Question 15

what are examples of candidate basic emotions?

Answer 15

shame, guilt, aw, amusement, satisfaction, relief, sensory pleasure, contempt, excitement

Question 16

what does universal emotion expressions mean?

Answer 16

the meaning of these facial expressions are similar across all cultures

Question 17

what are basic emotions?

Answer 17

a closed, core set of emotions, each with unique characteristics carved by evolution, reflected through facial expressions

Question 18

what are complex emotions?

Answer 18

combinations of basic emotions, some socially and culturally learned, long lasting feelings

Question 19

what is the dimensional theories of emotion?

Answer 19

emotions are fundamentally the same but differ along one or more dimensions such as valance and arousal in response to stimuli

Question 20

what is the effect of amygdala atrophy in Urach-Wiethe disease?

Answer 20

no capacity for experiencing or recognising fear

Question 21

what is the papez circuit?

Answer 21

a fundamental component of the limbic system

Question 22

what is the limbic system?

Answer 22

the part of the brain involved in emotional and behavioural response

Question 23

what are Darwin’s Principles?

Answer 23

1) Principle of Servicable Habits
2) Principle of Antithesis - opposite emotions to opposite behaviours
3) Principle of Expressive Habits

Question 24

what is the conventional theory of emotion?

Answer 24

emotions have multiple components that need to be coordinated

Question 25

what is an emotional generation?

Answer 25

physiological reaction, behavioural reaction, subject feeling

Question 26

what is the amygdala known as?

Answer 26

emotional centre of brain

Question 27

what was James Gross model of emotion?

Answer 27

emotions are regulated by manipluating input or output