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FC2O Lecture MCQ2 > L29 Digestion and Metabolism > Flashcards

L29 Digestion and Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what are the basic building blocks in the body?

A

nutrients

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2
Q

what are the 4 classes of nutrients?

A

essential and non essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals

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3
Q

what is vitamin B3?

A

a vitamin and a cofactor

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4
Q

what is iron?

A

a mineral and a cofactor

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5
Q

what is linoleic acid?

A

an essential amino acid

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6
Q

what is the GI tract?

A

gastrointestinal system = digestive system

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7
Q

what is the GI tract?

A

external way of interacting with enviornment in a nutritional/waste point of view

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8
Q

what does mucus consist of?

A

viscous water, amylase and glycoproteins

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9
Q

why can we not stop swallowing half way through?

A

it is a reflex - epiglottis prevents re-entry to mouth

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10
Q

what is coughing?

A

an involuntary reflex when swallowing reflex fails

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11
Q

what regulates movement in digestive system walls?

A

sphincters

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12
Q

what sphincter do we have voluntary control over?

A

anal sphincter

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13
Q

food is processed into a liquid called?

A

chyme

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14
Q

what is the pH of gastric juice?

A

2

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15
Q

what enzyme breaks protein bonds?

A

pepsin protease

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16
Q

where does HCl come from?

A

priorital cells secreted into stomach

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17
Q

where does HCl form?

A

lumen of stomach

18
Q

when does pepsin form?

A

in acidic conditions in presence of HCl

19
Q

what causes gastric ulcers?

A

bacteria called Heliobacter pylori

20
Q

where does most chemical digestion occur?

A

intestine

21
Q

how are fats partly digested?

A

bile salts

22
Q

what is life cycle of red blood cells?

A

120 days - bile kills them and recycles them via liver

23
Q

what does the hepatic artery do?

A

brings oxygen to liver, comes from GI tract and funnels nutrients to liver

24
Q

what is a lacteal?

A

part of lymphatic vessel that absorbs fat

25
Q

what are chylomicrons?

A

a droplet of fat present in the blood or lymph after absorption from the small intestine

26
Q

what minor role does appendix play?

A

immune response

27
Q

where is faeces stored?

A

rectum

28
Q

what regulates the digestive system/ GI tract?

A

endocrine and nervous system

29
Q

what happens when we eat food?

A

medulla recieves a signal and autonomic nervous system causes secretion of saliva

30
Q

conditioned reflex?

A

associating a certain stimulus with a certain response

31
Q

what functions keep us alive?

A

vegetative functions - nutritional, metabolic, and endocrine functions

32
Q

how is energy stored?

A

first in liver and then in glycogen, excess energy in adipose cells

33
Q

when the body requires energy what occurs?

A

glycogen storage is used first followed by muscle glycogen and then fat stores

34
Q

what is the absorptive state?

A

the body has been fed - glucose is plentiful - insulin regulates this state

35
Q

what is the postabsorptive state?

A

this is fasting - energy stores are mobilised for energy, glucagon hormone is a major regulator

36
Q

what is metabolic syndrome?

A

cluster of risk factors including insulin resistance, hypertension and high fat content

37
Q

what is a central mechanism in insulin resistance?

A

chronic state of inflammation

38
Q

what does obesity contribute to?

A

type 2 diabetes, cancer of colon and breat, heart attacks and strokes

39
Q

how do hormones regulate appetite?

A

satiety centre in brain, ghrelin hormone triggers hunger

40
Q

what secretes ghrelin?

A

stomach walls

41
Q

what hormone suppresses appetite?

A

insulin and PYY - small intestine

Leptin - adipose tissue

42
Q

what is an important concept in disease and health?

A

each individual has a unique microbiota/ bacterial fingerprint

FC2O Lecture MCQ2 (14 decks)

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