L24 Endocrine Regulates Physiological Function

Question 1

how are hormones transported?

Answer 1

cardiovascular system (blooc)

Question 2

what are neurosecretory cells?

Answer 2

cell/gland secretes directly into blood vessel (endocrine system)

Question 3

name the 3 different classes of hormone

Answer 3

1) amines (epinephrine and thyroxine)
2) polypeptides (insulin)
3) steroids (cortisol)

Question 4

what hormones are water soluable?

Answer 4

polypeptides and amines

Question 5

what hormones are lipid soluable?

Answer 5

steroids

Question 6

where do lipid soluable steroids cause a response?

Answer 6

within cell membrane

Question 7

where do water soluable hormones cause a response?

Answer 7

released by exoctyosis and bind to receptors on cell surface

Question 8

when is adrenaline released?

Answer 8

exercise and stress response

Question 9

how is fight or flight mode activated during stress response?

Answer 9

1) adrenaline binds to g-protein coupled receptor
2) protein kinase A is activated
3) PKA causes inhibition of glycogen production and promotes its breakdown
4) glucose is available - not stored

Question 10

what are endocrine glands?

Answer 10

ductless organs that secrete hormonal signal into blood stream

Question 11

what are exocrine glands?

Answer 11

organs that have direct ducts to carry hormones directly to target cells

Question 12

what is remen?

Answer 12

hormone secreted by kidney that regulates salt/water concentration

Question 13

give an example of a negative feedback endocrine pathway

Answer 13

1) pH is low in duodenum
2) s-cells are stimulated by this change
3) pancreatic cells respond by producing bicarbonate
4) pH is raised in duodenum

Question 14

give an example of a positive feedback endocrine pathway

Answer 14

1) infant suckles breast for milk
2) stimulus is detected by hypothalamus
3) hypothalamus triggers secretion of oxytocin from posterior pituitary gland

Question 15

what is the master regulator of integrating endocrine and nervous system?

Answer 15

the brain

Question 16

what does posterior pituitary gland do?

Answer 16

secretes hormones via hypothalamus neural link

Question 17

what does anterior pituitary gland do?

Answer 17

secretes hormones via hypothalamus vacular link

Question 18

what is anti-diuretic hormone called?

Answer 18

vasopressin

Question 19

what is the function of vasopressin/ADH?

Answer 19

constriction of blood vessels, encourages lower volume of urine released (keep water)

Question 20

what inhibits secretion of ADH?

Answer 20

Alcohol

Question 21

what results from inhibition of ADH?

Answer 21

increased dilute urine

Question 22

what hormone does posterior pituitary produce?

Answer 22

vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 23

what hormone does anterior pituitary gland produce?

Answer 23

prolactin, growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ACTH, LH, MSH

Question 24

What system is the anterior pituitary gland involved in that the posterior isn’t?

Answer 24

portal system

Question 25

what are topic hormones?

Answer 25

tropic hormones cause secretion of other hormones?

Question 26

what causes low levels of TSH?

Answer 26

insufficient dietary iodine

Question 27

what 2 glands make up adrenal gland?

Answer 27

medulla and cortex

Question 28

what effect does GH have?

Answer 28

both tropic and nontropic (acts directly on liver, bones and tissues)

Question 29

what parts of the body secrete sex hormones?

Answer 29

gonads, testes, ovaries

Question 30

what causes the release of sex hormones?

Answer 30

gnRH from hypothalamus topically causes secretion of LH - causing release of sex hormones

Question 31

what is an androgen?

Answer 31

sex hormones example testosterone