L24 Endocrine Regulates Physiological Function Flashcards
how are hormones transported?
cardiovascular system (blooc)
what are neurosecretory cells?
cell/gland secretes directly into blood vessel (endocrine system)
name the 3 different classes of hormone
1) amines (epinephrine and thyroxine)
2) polypeptides (insulin)
3) steroids (cortisol)
what hormones are water soluable?
polypeptides and amines
what hormones are lipid soluable?
steroids
where do lipid soluable steroids cause a response?
within cell membrane
where do water soluable hormones cause a response?
released by exoctyosis and bind to receptors on cell surface
when is adrenaline released?
exercise and stress response
how is fight or flight mode activated during stress response?
1) adrenaline binds to g-protein coupled receptor
2) protein kinase A is activated
3) PKA causes inhibition of glycogen production and promotes its breakdown
4) glucose is available - not stored
what are endocrine glands?
ductless organs that secrete hormonal signal into blood stream
what are exocrine glands?
organs that have direct ducts to carry hormones directly to target cells
what is remen?
hormone secreted by kidney that regulates salt/water concentration
give an example of a negative feedback endocrine pathway
1) pH is low in duodenum
2) s-cells are stimulated by this change
3) pancreatic cells respond by producing bicarbonate
4) pH is raised in duodenum
give an example of a positive feedback endocrine pathway
1) infant suckles breast for milk
2) stimulus is detected by hypothalamus
3) hypothalamus triggers secretion of oxytocin from posterior pituitary gland
what is the master regulator of integrating endocrine and nervous system?
the brain
