L24 Endocrine Regulates Physiological Function Flashcards
how are hormones transported?
cardiovascular system (blooc)
what are neurosecretory cells?
cell/gland secretes directly into blood vessel (endocrine system)
name the 3 different classes of hormone
1) amines (epinephrine and thyroxine)
2) polypeptides (insulin)
3) steroids (cortisol)
what hormones are water soluable?
polypeptides and amines
what hormones are lipid soluable?
steroids
where do lipid soluable steroids cause a response?
within cell membrane
where do water soluable hormones cause a response?
released by exoctyosis and bind to receptors on cell surface
when is adrenaline released?
exercise and stress response
how is fight or flight mode activated during stress response?
1) adrenaline binds to g-protein coupled receptor
2) protein kinase A is activated
3) PKA causes inhibition of glycogen production and promotes its breakdown
4) glucose is available - not stored
what are endocrine glands?
ductless organs that secrete hormonal signal into blood stream
what are exocrine glands?
organs that have direct ducts to carry hormones directly to target cells
what is remen?
hormone secreted by kidney that regulates salt/water concentration
give an example of a negative feedback endocrine pathway
1) pH is low in duodenum
2) s-cells are stimulated by this change
3) pancreatic cells respond by producing bicarbonate
4) pH is raised in duodenum
give an example of a positive feedback endocrine pathway
1) infant suckles breast for milk
2) stimulus is detected by hypothalamus
3) hypothalamus triggers secretion of oxytocin from posterior pituitary gland
what is the master regulator of integrating endocrine and nervous system?
the brain
what does posterior pituitary gland do?
secretes hormones via hypothalamus neural link
what does anterior pituitary gland do?
secretes hormones via hypothalamus vacular link
what is anti-diuretic hormone called?
vasopressin
what is the function of vasopressin/ADH?
constriction of blood vessels, encourages lower volume of urine released (keep water)
what inhibits secretion of ADH?
Alcohol
what results from inhibition of ADH?
increased dilute urine
what hormone does posterior pituitary produce?
vasopressin and oxytocin
what hormone does anterior pituitary gland produce?
prolactin, growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ACTH, LH, MSH
What system is the anterior pituitary gland involved in that the posterior isn’t?
portal system
what are topic hormones?
tropic hormones cause secretion of other hormones?
what causes low levels of TSH?
insufficient dietary iodine
what 2 glands make up adrenal gland?
medulla and cortex
what effect does GH have?
both tropic and nontropic (acts directly on liver, bones and tissues)
what parts of the body secrete sex hormones?
gonads, testes, ovaries
what causes the release of sex hormones?
gnRH from hypothalamus topically causes secretion of LH - causing release of sex hormones
what is an androgen?
sex hormones example testosterone
