L31

Question 1

What are viruses?

Answer 1

Acellular microorganisms that cannot survive without a host

relies on biosynthestic machinery of infected cell to multiply

Question 2

What are the 2 main components and 1 maybe component of virus?

Answer 2

Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Capsid (protein coat which surrounds and protects genetic material

Envelope of lipid, surrounds capsid when outside a cell

Question 3

What are the 3 symmetry types of capsids?

Answer 3

Helical, Icosahedral, Complex

Question 4

What are the subunits of capsids?

Answer 4

Capsomers

Question 5

What are the 3 types of genetic material in viruses?

Answer 5

Linear, circular, segmented

Question 6

What to viruses infect?

Answer 6

All domains and forms of life

Question 7

What are bacteriophages?

Answer 7

Viruses that infect and replicate in bacteria

Question 8

What are the 6 steps of bacteriophage cycle

Answer 8

Attach
Penetrate
Uncoat
Genome replication and expression
Assembly
Release

Question 9

Covid 19 RNA polymerase Feature

Answer 9

Includes RNA polymerase to copy genome with limited proof reading

This generates variants and leads to new strains and allows tracking

Question 10

Covid 19 Structural Features

Answer 10

Enveloped
SS RNA
Linear
Non segmented

Question 11

Function of spikes on viruses

Answer 11

Virus’s Receptor binding domain (RBD) attaches to ACE2 receptor on cell surface

Major target for neutralising immunity

Question 12

What kind of virus is HIV and what cell does HIV target?

Answer 12

Retrovirus

CD4 T Cell

Question 13

How does HIV replicated

Answer 13

Fusion into host cell
Release of viral RNA
Viral RNA to RNA DNA Hybrid to DNA
DNA is incorporated into host genome
RNA made into progeny viruses
New Virus is formed and exocytosed from cell