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Cels > L27 > Flashcards

L27 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleoid?

A

Single circular chromosome with no nuclear membrane, restricted within region called nucleoid

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2
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Separate, circular self replicating DNA

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3
Q

What is the cell wall of bacteria made of? and whats its functions?

A

Peptidoglycan

Rigid macromolecular layer providing strength

protection: from osmotic lysis and supports cell shape

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4
Q

What is transpeptidase?

A

-enzyme that cross links peptidoglycan to for rigid cell walls

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5
Q

What is the structure of peptidoglycan?

A

repeating units of NAM NAG (glycan chains)

Glycan chains linked together by cross bridge of amino acids

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6
Q

What is gram stain?

A

To differentiate between bacteria in bacterial culture

Gram positive is purple
Gram negative is red pink

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7
Q

Structure of gram positive (purple) cell wall

A

-thick peptidoglycan layer
-underneath is plasma membrane

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8
Q

Gram negative (pink) cell wall

A

Cell wall has two layers
Outer membrane
thin peptidoglycan layer (between outer membrane and plasma membrane

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9
Q

What is the function of flagella? and how does it work?

A

Provides bacteria motility in liquid

long flexible tails acts like propeller rotation

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10
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Bacteria move towards attractants (positive) and move away from repellents (negative)

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11
Q

what is the function of fimbriae?

A

Inherited trait of hair like adhesive properties to stick to surfaces

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12
Q

What is conjugative pili?

A

attachment to other bacteria to transfer genetic material (conjugation)

Form of horizontal gene transfer

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13
Q

What is glycocalyx?

A

Gelatinous polysaccharide and/or polypeptide outer covering

Forms a sticky meshwork of fibers to stick to things

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14
Q

What is capsule glycocalyx?

A

Organised defined structure attached firmly to cell wall

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15
Q

What is slime layer glycocalyx

A

disorganised without cell shape loosely attached to cell wall

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16
Q

What are the functions of capsule glycocalyx

A

Virulence factors (protection from phagocytosis)
prevent desiccation (prevent drying)

17
Q

What are the functions of capsule glycocalyx

A

Virulence factors (protection from phagocytosis)
prevent desiccation (prevent drying)

18
Q

What is the function of bacterial endospores

A

Protect cells from stress

19
Q

How does bacteria reproduce? and what is the process called?

A

binary fission, division into 2 identical daughter cells

vegetative cycle

20
Q

What are the stressors which cause endospor formation?

A

Nutrient starvation
high cell density

21
Q

What is asymmetric cell division?

A

In stressed environment:

Mother cell develops endospore which moves to one pole of the cell

Mother cell dies and gives rise to mature endospore

22
Q
A

Cels (18 decks)

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