L25- vaccines Flashcards
what is vaccines
making the body creat immunoligcal memory of a pathogen without infection q
what does immune memory mean
more t and b cells
- high affinity and class switched AB
- faster and larger response
different types of vaccines
inactivated, attenuetaed or parts of pathogen
where does immune memory come from
B cells in the germinal centre response
why does vaccine booster help
increases the amount of ABs
types of T cells depending on what
location like lymphnodes, tissues
- CD4 OR CD8
- markers they express
why is measles dangerous
get rid of immune memory
features of effective vaccines
protective and protection sustained
- safe
- cheap, biological stability, fewer side effects
what is live attenuated vaccines
isolated and grown in non permissive cells to get mutations to make the virus weak
con of producing live vaccines
very long
how are vaccines inacrtivated
with UV, chemical and heat then injected
how does recombinant DNA work in vaccine
the virulence gene is taken away so the virus isnt infectious
why is recombinant vaccines good
eliminates risk fo infection, can be mass produced, quickly weakened and engineered
how does viral vector vaccines work
genes coding AGs are put into safe viruses to produce a response
how does nucleic acis vaccine work for RNA viruses
using RNA sequence or mRNA and injected to encode stimulatory molecules
how does nucleic acis vaccine work for DNA viruses
- gene coding AG in plasmids
- AGs produced in the body
two properties that vaccine need to have
PAMP - immune reponse
protein - T cell can respond to it
another reagant added when AG isnt enough
adjuvants like toxiod, Aluminium salt gels, TLR agonists
function of adjuvants
imporve vaccine effectiveness and increasing the AG’s antigenicty
what do adjuvants do
chnages the physical state so its engulfable
- creates inflammatory environment to atrract cells and activation of those cells
what processes of B cells
wont happen if B cells doesnt receive help from T cells when there is no pathogenic AG
no affinity maturation no or little class switching short lived protection
how does conjugation vaccines work
the B cell produce AB for one AG whilst T cells response to another
- so 2 simulatanoeus responses
why is heard immunity good
less transmissble
-reduces the risk where vulnerable people can come into contact
