L25- vaccines

Question 1

what is vaccines

Answer 1

making the body creat immunoligcal memory of a pathogen without infection q

Question 2

what does immune memory mean

Answer 2

more t and b cells

• high affinity and class switched AB
• faster and larger response

Question 3

different types of vaccines

Answer 3

inactivated, attenuetaed or parts of pathogen

Question 4

where does immune memory come from

Answer 4

B cells in the germinal centre response

Question 5

why does vaccine booster help

Answer 5

increases the amount of ABs

Question 6

types of T cells depending on what

Answer 6

location like lymphnodes, tissues

• CD4 OR CD8
• markers they express

Question 7

why is measles dangerous

Answer 7

get rid of immune memory

Question 8

features of effective vaccines

Answer 8

protective and protection sustained

• safe
• cheap, biological stability, fewer side effects

Question 9

what is live attenuated vaccines

Answer 9

isolated and grown in non permissive cells to get mutations to make the virus weak

Question 10

con of producing live vaccines

Answer 10

very long

Question 11

how are vaccines inacrtivated

Answer 11

with UV, chemical and heat then injected

Question 12

how does recombinant DNA work in vaccine

Answer 12

the virulence gene is taken away so the virus isnt infectious

Question 13

why is recombinant vaccines good

Answer 13

eliminates risk fo infection, can be mass produced, quickly weakened and engineered

Question 14

how does viral vector vaccines work

Answer 14

genes coding AGs are put into safe viruses to produce a response

Question 15

how does nucleic acis vaccine work for RNA viruses

Answer 15

using RNA sequence or mRNA and injected to encode stimulatory molecules

Question 16

how does nucleic acis vaccine work for DNA viruses

Answer 16

• gene coding AG in plasmids

- AGs produced in the body

Question 17

two properties that vaccine need to have

Answer 17

PAMP - immune reponse

protein - T cell can respond to it

Question 18

another reagant added when AG isnt enough

Answer 18

adjuvants like toxiod, Aluminium salt gels, TLR agonists

Question 19

function of adjuvants

Answer 19

imporve vaccine effectiveness and increasing the AG’s antigenicty

Question 20

what do adjuvants do

Answer 20

chnages the physical state so its engulfable

- creates inflammatory environment to atrract cells and activation of those cells

Question 21

what processes of B cells

wont happen if B cells doesnt receive help from T cells when there is no pathogenic AG

Answer 21

no affinity maturation 
no or little class switching 
short lived protection

Question 22

how does conjugation vaccines work

Answer 22

the B cell produce AB for one AG whilst T cells response to another
- so 2 simulatanoeus responses

Question 23

why is heard immunity good

Answer 23

less transmissble

-reduces the risk where vulnerable people can come into contact