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II > L1.2 haematopoesis > Flashcards

L1.2 haematopoesis Flashcards

1
Q

whats in normal peripheral blood

A

platelts, white cells, RBC

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2
Q

what is haematopoiesis (HMP)

A

blood cell production

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3
Q

where does HMP occur in infants

A

in all bone-bone marrow

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4
Q

where does HMP occur in adults

A

bone marrow- axial sketelton

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5
Q

pathway from LTHSC to mature cells

A

LTHSC>multipotent progenitors>oligopotent progenitors>lineage commited proginators> mature cells

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6
Q

stem cell meaning

A

can divide infinetiityl, self renew and give rise to specialised, diff cells

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7
Q

what is multi potent cells

A

rise to diff cell depending on the organ they devrive from

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8
Q

what is pluripotent cells

A

rise to any kind of cells regardless of organ and location

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9
Q

what technique can detect stem cell and progenitor

A

functional assay

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10
Q

what technique can detect precursor and mature cells

A

by routine marrow staining

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11
Q

when does HMP start after fertilisation

A

after 17 days

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12
Q

types of blood cells

A

RBCS, platelets, WBC

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13
Q

types of WBC s

A

lymphoid and myeloid cells

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14
Q

types of lymphocyates

A

T, B, NK cells

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15
Q

where does T cells develop

A

start in bone marrow then migrate to thymus to develop

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16
Q

where does b cells develop

A

in bone marrow

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17
Q

where does NK cell develpo

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

how to distinguish stages of granulocyte maturation stages

A

N:c ratio

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19
Q

what are monocyte maturation stages

A

monoblast>promonocyte>monocyte

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20
Q

what is innate immunity

A

barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body

21
Q

what does neutrophils contain to get rid of bacterial infections

A

lysosome and myeloperoxidase

22
Q

what infection are eosinophils involved in

A

parasite infections - not phagoctic

23
Q

what do monocytes become after migrating to tissues from bloof

A

macrophages

24
Q

are monocytes phagoctic

A

yes

25
Q

what do RBC lose as they mature

A

nucleus

26
Q

What cell of erythropoiesis have RNA and why

A

reticulocytes - to make HB before maturing into RBC

27
Q

what organ control erythropoieiss

A

kidney

-has O2 sensing cells

28
Q

what is megakaryopoiesis

A

production of platelets in bone marrow

29
Q

what regulate platelet production

A

TPO

-Thromobiopoitein

30
Q

do platelets have a nucleus

A

no but have granules for controlling clotting

31
Q

how are platelets removed

A

macrophages in spleen and liver

32
Q

why are transcription factors important for HMP

A

activation and repression of the gene sequences leads to diff mature cells

33
Q

why is marrow niche important for HMP

A

prodives important signal for HMP like having SNS neurones, cytokines, growth factors

34
Q

what structures are growth factors and cytokines and the effects of them

A

glycoporteins

- have effects on activating or supressing proliferation, maturation, functioning and inhibition of apopotosis

35
Q

meaning of suffix penia

A

too few

36
Q

meaning cytosis

A

too many

37
Q

how to identify HMP cells

A

using monocolnal AB to bind to cell markers on HMP cells

- this is immunophenotyping

38
Q

how to evaluate and check HMP process

A

get bone marrow biospy

39
Q

leukaemias meaning

A

cancerous hMP cells in marrow spreading to blood, lymph nodes, spleen

40
Q

lymophomas meaning

A

cancerous lymphoid cells rising in lymph nodes or spleen and spread to blood and marrow

41
Q

myelomas

A

cancerous tumour of plasma cells

42
Q

what does maturation arrest of RBCs cause

A

acute leukaemia (AML)

43
Q

what happends if there’s no maturation arrest

A

over production of mature cells

-chronic leukaemia (CML)

44
Q

how can you use erythrocytes in clinical setting

A

transfusion - last 1 month

45
Q

how can you use platelets in clinical setting

A

transfusion - lasts few days

46
Q

how can you use HMP stem cells in clinical setting

A

transplants - last for life

47
Q

how can you use erythropoitein in clinical setting

A

through injections to improve anaemia so transfusions not needed

48
Q

how can you use G-CSF in clinical setting

A

prevents primary or secondayr infections like chemo

49
Q

how can you use thrombopoitein in clinical setting

A

receptor agonist for facilitating blood production by using drugs like romiplotism

II (21 decks)

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