L1.2 haematopoesis Flashcards
whats in normal peripheral blood
platelts, white cells, RBC
what is haematopoiesis (HMP)
blood cell production
where does HMP occur in infants
in all bone-bone marrow
where does HMP occur in adults
bone marrow- axial sketelton
pathway from LTHSC to mature cells
LTHSC>multipotent progenitors>oligopotent progenitors>lineage commited proginators> mature cells
stem cell meaning
can divide infinetiityl, self renew and give rise to specialised, diff cells
what is multi potent cells
rise to diff cell depending on the organ they devrive from
what is pluripotent cells
rise to any kind of cells regardless of organ and location
what technique can detect stem cell and progenitor
functional assay
what technique can detect precursor and mature cells
by routine marrow staining
when does HMP start after fertilisation
after 17 days
types of blood cells
RBCS, platelets, WBC
types of WBC s
lymphoid and myeloid cells
types of lymphocyates
T, B, NK cells
where does T cells develop
start in bone marrow then migrate to thymus to develop
where does b cells develop
in bone marrow
where does NK cell develpo
bone marrow
how to distinguish stages of granulocyte maturation stages
N:c ratio
what are monocyte maturation stages
monoblast>promonocyte>monocyte
what is innate immunity
barriers that keep harmful materials from entering your body
what does neutrophils contain to get rid of bacterial infections
lysosome and myeloperoxidase
what infection are eosinophils involved in
parasite infections - not phagoctic
what do monocytes become after migrating to tissues from bloof
macrophages
are monocytes phagoctic
yes
what do RBC lose as they mature
nucleus
What cell of erythropoiesis have RNA and why
reticulocytes - to make HB before maturing into RBC
what organ control erythropoieiss
kidney
-has O2 sensing cells
what is megakaryopoiesis
production of platelets in bone marrow
what regulate platelet production
TPO
-Thromobiopoitein
do platelets have a nucleus
no but have granules for controlling clotting
how are platelets removed
macrophages in spleen and liver
why are transcription factors important for HMP
activation and repression of the gene sequences leads to diff mature cells
why is marrow niche important for HMP
prodives important signal for HMP like having SNS neurones, cytokines, growth factors
what structures are growth factors and cytokines and the effects of them
glycoporteins
- have effects on activating or supressing proliferation, maturation, functioning and inhibition of apopotosis
meaning of suffix penia
too few
meaning cytosis
too many
how to identify HMP cells
using monocolnal AB to bind to cell markers on HMP cells
- this is immunophenotyping
how to evaluate and check HMP process
get bone marrow biospy
leukaemias meaning
cancerous hMP cells in marrow spreading to blood, lymph nodes, spleen
lymophomas meaning
cancerous lymphoid cells rising in lymph nodes or spleen and spread to blood and marrow
myelomas
cancerous tumour of plasma cells
what does maturation arrest of RBCs cause
acute leukaemia (AML)
what happends if there’s no maturation arrest
over production of mature cells
-chronic leukaemia (CML)
how can you use erythrocytes in clinical setting
transfusion - last 1 month
how can you use platelets in clinical setting
transfusion - lasts few days
how can you use HMP stem cells in clinical setting
transplants - last for life
how can you use erythropoitein in clinical setting
through injections to improve anaemia so transfusions not needed
how can you use G-CSF in clinical setting
prevents primary or secondayr infections like chemo
how can you use thrombopoitein in clinical setting
receptor agonist for facilitating blood production by using drugs like romiplotism
