L22 Genetic Conflict 2

Question 1

Genomic Imprinting

Answer 1

see onenote

• allele remembers which parent it came from

Question 2

Genomic imprinting have different pattern of inheritance

Answer 2

see onenote

Question 3

Genomic Imprinting -definitions

Answer 3

see onenote

“parent-of-origin specific allelic expression”

maternal vs paternal effect

Question 4

Fitness costs

Answer 4

see onenote

• Chr 15

Question 5

Parent-offspring conflict theory

Answer 5

• how much parents should invest in each offspring and how much each offspring should demand

Question 6

Hamilton’s rule for greedy behaviour

Answer 6

see onenote

B > rC

“Greediness” trait e.g. bigger plancenta, more begging, aggression towards siblings

Question 7

What is genomic imprinting for?

Answer 7

see onenote

The kinship theory

relatedness at the level of alleles

Question 8

Matrilineal siblings

Answer 8

A matriline is a line of descent from a female ancestor to a descendant (of either sex) in which the individuals in all intervening generations are mothers – in other words, a “mother line”

Question 9

What is genomic imprinting for - the kinship theory

Answer 9

maternal vs paternal inherited alleles

Question 10

Evidence of kinship theory - taxonomic distribution of imprinting

Answer 10

see onenote

Question 11

Evidence of kinship theory - functions of imprinted loci

Answer 11

see onenote

Kinship theory predicts that paternally-active genes should stimulate growth and maternally-active ones should repress it

Insulin-like GF (IGF2) - active paternal copy

H19 encodes an RNA that appears to suppress IGF2 - maternal copy is active

Question 12

The “imprinted brain” theory

Answer 12

see onenote

maternal alleles for “demanding” behaviour are shut off

paternal alleles for “compliant” behaviour are shut off

mother and fathers give their offspring conflicting instructions over how to behave via imprinting

Question 13

Clinical implications of imprinted brain theory

Answer 13

see onenote

proposed model: mis-imprinting of brain genes that affect mother-offspring interactions

best interests of allele, individuals and species are not always aligned

Question 14

The mother knows best theory

Answer 14

• when one parent is more locally adapted

In flowers:
Male DNA fly a lot further in plants as it is dispersed by insects
DNA from mother travel less far and the offspring grows near by hence, the mother DNA is more locally adapted