L21 Flashcards
What are the three type of respiratory disease?
- Obstructive
- Restrictive - reduces compliance
- inflammatory and infection
What are the type of obstructive diseases?
- COPD sub dives into bronchitis, emphysema
- asthma
If FEV1 is less that 70% what does it indicate?
it indicates increases air resistance so respiratory dicrease
What do the subdivision of the COPD cause?
- Chronic bronchitis which increases constriction of the airways so increase in airway resistance
- Emphysema decreases the recoil of the lungs
What is ACUTE BRONCHITIS cause by and how long does last?
- caused by bacterial/viral infection’
- last days/week
What is CHRONIC BRONCHITIS caused by and how long does is affect an individuals?
- causes = 80% of cases by smoking , environmental irritants
- 3 consecutive in months in 2 consecutive years
What percentage of adult males are affected by CHRONIC bronchitis?
20%
What are the symptoms/result of [COPD] chronic bronchitis?(4)
- airway obstruction
-shortness of breath - chest pain
- chronic cough
What treatments can be used to treat Chronic bronchitis?(3)
- stop smoking
- bronchodilators
- antibiotics
What does EMPHYSEMA do to the lungs compliance?
Emphysema significantly increases lung compliance
What are the symptoms of EMPHYSEMA?
shortness of breath
hyperventilation
expanded chest
What are the symptoms of ASTHMA?
Bronchoconstriction
Oedema of airway mucosa
Mucus secretion
What is MECHANISM of asthma that leads to its symptoms such as oedema, mucus ect
Mast cell activate
Release histamine and cytokine
Which leads to asthmatic symptoms
What are the treatments for asthma?(2)
- Bronchodilators
- Anti-inflammatories
What type of disease is fibrosis in terms of restrictive/obstructive/inflammatory and how does it affect the lungs?
- Restrictive
- causes development of excessive connective tissue on the lungs
What are the causes of FIBROSIS?
- inhaled environmental or occupational pollutants
- smoking
- autoimmune disease
What are the treatments for fibrosis?
No effective treatments
What are the main infective respiratory diseases?(3)
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
- Covid-19
How does pneumonia affect lungs and what part of the lungs specifically?
- Affects bronchi and alveoli
- inflammatory exudate liquid fills alveoli and consolidates
- leads to tissue becoming firm and airless
How does tuberculosis affect lungs?
- tuberculosis bacterium is inhaled
- TB bacterium is deposited in lungs lymph nodes
- lymph nodes erode
- bacteria is released which drains into bronchioles and blood vessel
- eventually destroying alveoli
What are the 2 types of tuberculosis and their effects?
- Latent TB= asymptomatic, non-infectious
- Active = spread to bronchioles and circulation
