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BODY SYSTEMS > L17 > Flashcards

L17 Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the lungs?(2)

A
  • media sternum (middle part of the sternum)
  • heart
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2
Q

Where from and where to do LUNG extend?

A
  • NECK to DIAPHRGAM
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3
Q

What CAVITIES does the diaphragm separate?

A
  • thoracic cavity and and abdominal cavities
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4
Q

Where does the APEX of the lungs lie?

A

above clavicle

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5
Q

How many fissures does the right lung have? Name them

A

2, oblique, horizontal

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6
Q

How many fissures does the left lung have?

A

1, oblique

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7
Q

How is the left lung subdivide anatomically in terms of lobes?

A
  • upper lobe
  • lower lobe
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8
Q

How is the RIGHT lung subdivided in terms of lobes?

A

superior
middle
inferior

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9
Q

Where is the diaphragmatic surface of the lung and where does it lie?

A
  • lower/base of the lungs
  • sits\ on the diaphragm
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10
Q

Where does the costal surface of the lung lie?

A

adjacent to ribs( external part of the lung)

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11
Q

Where does the mediastinal surface of the lung?

A

faces mediastinum

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12
Q

Which lung is wide and short and which one is narrow long?

A
  • Right lung = wide and short
  • Left= long and narrow
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13
Q

Where is the hilum of the lung LOCATED and what is its function?

A
  • Located on mediastinal surface
  • Area where pulmonary vessels, bronchi nerves, bronchial vessels, lymphatic nerves enter/leave the lung
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14
Q

What is the compliance of the lung?

A

Ability of the lung to expand

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15
Q

What can affect the compliance of the lung?

A
  • connective tissue structure of the lung
  • levels of surfactant
  • mobility of the thoracic cage
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16
Q

WHAT is the PLEURAL Can you describe the structure of the PLEAURAL in detail?

A
  • pleural is a double layered serous tissue the covers the lungs
  • subdivide in three part =
    parietal pleural = attaches to thoracic wall/outer layer
    visceral pleura = asheres to lung/inner part
    pleaural space = space between visceral and parietal pleural contains serous liquid
17
Q

What is the function of the pleura?
what does it reduce ect

A
  • reduce friction
  • creates a pressure gradient
  • separates lungs from other tissues preventing infection
18
Q

What is the BONY THORAX in the thoracic cavity subdivided into?

A
  • Sternum
  • Ribs (12 pair)
  • Thoracic vertebrae
19
Q

What 3 part does the sternum anatomically divide?

A
  • manubrium
  • body
  • Xiphisternum
20
Q

Which ribs numbers are attached to the sternum?

A

1-10
other 2 float

21
Q

What is the shape of and structure of the DIAPHRAGM?

A
  • dome shaped with a central tendon
22
Q

What is teh diaphragm attached to?(4)

A
  • xiphisternum
  • costal margin
  • rib 11 adn 12
  • LUMBAR vertebrae
23
Q

What is fused withing the central tendon of the DIAPHRAGm?

A

Fibrous pericardium

24
Q

What NERVE innervates the diaphragm?

A
  • phrenic nerve
25
Q

in which ways can the THORACIC VOLUME?

A
  • Vertical
  • Transverse
  • A/P diameter
26
Q

How is the vertical volume of the thorax increase and decreased?

A
  • diaphragm contracts increases vertical diameter
  • diaphragm relax decreasing vertical diameter
27
Q

How is transverse volume of thorax increased?

A

Elevation of ribs

28
Q

How is A/P diameter of thorax increased?

A
  • Elevation of ribs pushing sternum forward
29
Q

What type of respiration occurs at rest?

A
  • quiet inspiration and expiration
30
Q

What type of respiration occurs during EXERCISE/Respiratory illness, in terms if quiet/forced?

A
  • forced expiration and forced inspiration
31
Q

What are the muscles of QUIET INSPIRATION?

A
  • Diaphragm and external costal muscles CONTRACT
32
Q

What are the muscles of quiet EXPIRATION and how are they affected during expiration?

A

during QUIET expiration diaphragm and external intercostal muscles RELAX

33
Q

What are the muscles activated during FORCES INSPIARATION?(7 in tot)

A
  • Diaphragm + external intercostal muscle contraction
    +
  • pectoralis minor
  • pectoralis major
  • sternmocleimastoid
  • Scalene
  • serratus anterior
34
Q

How is thoracic cavity size reduced during FORCED EXPIRATION?

A

Internal and INNERMOST intercostals depress ribs and reduce the size of the thoracic cavity

35
Q

What happens to the abdominal muscles during in relation to diaphragm FORCED expiration?

A
  • abdominal muscles(
    -external oblique
  • rectus abdominal
  • Transversus abdominis
  • internal oblique)
    compress abdomen and force diaphragm upward

BODY SYSTEMS (22 decks)

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