L17 Flashcards
What separates the lungs?(2)
- media sternum (middle part of the sternum)
- heart
Where from and where to do LUNG extend?
- NECK to DIAPHRGAM
What CAVITIES does the diaphragm separate?
- thoracic cavity and and abdominal cavities
Where does the APEX of the lungs lie?
above clavicle
How many fissures does the right lung have? Name them
2, oblique, horizontal
How many fissures does the left lung have?
1, oblique
How is the left lung subdivide anatomically in terms of lobes?
- upper lobe
- lower lobe
How is the RIGHT lung subdivided in terms of lobes?
superior
middle
inferior
Where is the diaphragmatic surface of the lung and where does it lie?
- lower/base of the lungs
- sits\ on the diaphragm
Where does the costal surface of the lung lie?
adjacent to ribs( external part of the lung)
Where does the mediastinal surface of the lung?
faces mediastinum
Which lung is wide and short and which one is narrow long?
- Right lung = wide and short
- Left= long and narrow
Where is the hilum of the lung LOCATED and what is its function?
- Located on mediastinal surface
- Area where pulmonary vessels, bronchi nerves, bronchial vessels, lymphatic nerves enter/leave the lung
What is the compliance of the lung?
Ability of the lung to expand
What can affect the compliance of the lung?
- connective tissue structure of the lung
- levels of surfactant
- mobility of the thoracic cage
WHAT is the PLEURAL Can you describe the structure of the PLEAURAL in detail?
- pleural is a double layered serous tissue the covers the lungs
- subdivide in three part =
parietal pleural = attaches to thoracic wall/outer layer
visceral pleura = asheres to lung/inner part
pleaural space = space between visceral and parietal pleural contains serous liquid
What is the function of the pleura?
what does it reduce ect
- reduce friction
- creates a pressure gradient
- separates lungs from other tissues preventing infection
What is the BONY THORAX in the thoracic cavity subdivided into?
- Sternum
- Ribs (12 pair)
- Thoracic vertebrae
What 3 part does the sternum anatomically divide?
- manubrium
- body
- Xiphisternum
Which ribs numbers are attached to the sternum?
1-10
other 2 float
What is the shape of and structure of the DIAPHRAGM?
- dome shaped with a central tendon
What is teh diaphragm attached to?(4)
- xiphisternum
- costal margin
- rib 11 adn 12
- LUMBAR vertebrae
What is fused withing the central tendon of the DIAPHRAGm?
Fibrous pericardium
What NERVE innervates the diaphragm?
- phrenic nerve
in which ways can the THORACIC VOLUME?
- Vertical
- Transverse
- A/P diameter
How is the vertical volume of the thorax increase and decreased?
- diaphragm contracts increases vertical diameter
- diaphragm relax decreasing vertical diameter
How is transverse volume of thorax increased?
Elevation of ribs
How is A/P diameter of thorax increased?
- Elevation of ribs pushing sternum forward
What type of respiration occurs at rest?
- quiet inspiration and expiration
What type of respiration occurs during EXERCISE/Respiratory illness, in terms if quiet/forced?
- forced expiration and forced inspiration
What are the muscles of QUIET INSPIRATION?
- Diaphragm and external costal muscles CONTRACT
What are the muscles of quiet EXPIRATION and how are they affected during expiration?
during QUIET expiration diaphragm and external intercostal muscles RELAX
What are the muscles activated during FORCES INSPIARATION?(7 in tot)
- Diaphragm + external intercostal muscle contraction
+ - pectoralis minor
- pectoralis major
- sternmocleimastoid
- Scalene
- serratus anterior
How is thoracic cavity size reduced during FORCED EXPIRATION?
Internal and INNERMOST intercostals depress ribs and reduce the size of the thoracic cavity
What happens to the abdominal muscles during in relation to diaphragm FORCED expiration?
- abdominal muscles(
-external oblique - rectus abdominal
- Transversus abdominis
- internal oblique)
compress abdomen and force diaphragm upward
