Body Fluids and membrane Flashcards
What is the fluid inside the cells?
Intracellular Fluid
What is extracellular fluid?
ALL the fluid OUTSIDE the cells
How many Litres of FLUID are there within the body
42
Of the all the litres in the body, how many litres is Intracellular and extracellular?
25 L = Intracellular
17 L = Extracellular fluid
How is EXTRACELLULAR fluid subdivided, also indicate amounts.
1) INTERSTITIAL FLUID = 13 L
2) BLOOD PLASMA = 3 L
3) TRANCELLULAR FLUID = 1 L
What is INTERSTITIAL fluid?
Fluid that is OUTSIDE blood and your cells, it baths the cells of the body.
What is TRANSCELLULAR fluid?
Transcellular fluid is A body fluid that is not inside cells but is separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular barriers.
Give examples of TRANSCELLULAR fluid? (6)
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Urine
- Gastrointestinal secretions ( saliva, pancreatic juice, bile)
- Sweat
- Aqueous and Vitreous Humor
- Synovial Fluid Joint.
Define OSMOLALITY?
Attractiveness of a SOLUTION to water
How is osmolality maintained constant within all types of fluid in the body?
Due the specific electrolyte COMPOSITION of each fluid.
What is particular about the electrolyte composition of TRANSCELLULAR fluid?
electrolytes fluid within the transcellular fluid varies according to the function of the transcelullar fluid
why is important to maintain constant OSMOLALITY within each fluid?
osmolality always remains constant. This prevents net movement of WATER
Describe the route of the fluids that enter your body.
- Fluids enters your body and then moves from PLASMA in the blood to interstitial fluid through endothelium, and then it can move either in the intracellular fluid so inside cells or transcellular fluids.
structure of the plasma membrane.
- Highly selective permeability
- Lots of transport proteins for uptake and removal of specific solutes
- Vital for regulation of the intracellular environment
- Phospholipid bilayer- allow movement of lipid soluble and molecules that can pass through with specific channel/carrier/pumps proteins
Which processes and protein are involved in the transport of molecules across membrane.
- Simple diffusion (small lipid soluble molecules)
- Channel/ Carrier protein- allow the movements of specific ions only DOWN concentration gradient.
Active transport from high to low concentration gradient through channel protein, using energy provided by ATP hydrolysis.
Types of carries protein:
· Uniport/Facilitator = Transports only one type of ion.
· Co-transporter/Symport = Transports 2 different ions species in same direction down conc gradient (often one is negative and the other positive ion, so the charges cancel out)
Exchanger/ Antiport = Swaps ions, one ion in and out keeping electrical charge neutral.
Describe what barriers plasma nutrients/ water have to cross to reach ICF/TF
Plasma nutirents - Andothelium - Interstial fluid - epithilium - ICF/TF
Using the picture on the right describe in detail how pH and how cell prevents bursting or shrinking.
K+ is moved against its concentration gradient from high concentration outside the cells (interstitial fluid) to low concentration in intracellular fluid. Na+ is also actively transported outside cells.
The energy released for the pump allows the cell to set a gradient for the movement of other Ions in and out of the cells.
As Na+ is pumped out of the cell it lowers the concentration of Na+ inside the cell, so sodium moves in from outside of the cell down the concertation gradient trough a Exchanger/Antiport carrier protein swapping H+ ions outside the cell if conditions are too acidic.
If the cells need to export base Cl- will move down the concertation gradient inside the cell and swapped with positive base (HCO3+) which will be exported lowering ph. No energy is used here, simply exploited the gradients.
Cell can increase their volume by importing Na+/K+/Cl- which lower water potential gradient so water moves in down concentration gradient.
Cell can decrease volume of cells by exporting Cl-/K+ through channels and thanks too potassium/sodium pump, Cl- and K+ are pumped out of the cell increasing water potential inside cell so water moves out the cell by osmosis decreasing cell volume.
Is K+ lower in ICF or ECF?
- Higher in ICF
- Lower in ECF
is Na+ lower in ICF or ECF?
Lower inside, higher outside
is Ca2+ lower in ICF or ECF?
Lower(very low) inside, higher outside
Is Cl lower in ICF or ECF?
Lower inside, higher outside
Is org- lower ICF or ECF?
Higher outside, Lower inside
Is protein lower ICF or ECF?
Higher outside, lower inside
